At the beginning of the XXI century, nanotechnology (NT) is an emergent knowledge focused on characterizing, preparing and using nanoscale sized materials among 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review, emphasis will be directed towards NT applications in veterinary medicine and animal nutrition, especially on pork and poultry production. It is a well-known fact that trace minerals in their nanoparticle form are used to increase efficiency in animal nutrition, especially when used to modify ingredients to improve their flavor, palatability, color and texture; as well as to increase nutrients bioavailability. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in veterinary medicine can eliminate biological barriers and promote the recovery of animal's health, due to the controlled release of drugs, which makes NPs an efficient alternative to antibiotics. In addition, NT has become a useful tool for noninvasive gamete bioimaging and nanopurification. It has also been used to develop protectors for cryopreservation, to optimize and eliminate reproductive obstacles.