Foveal Curvature and Its Associations in UK Biobank Participants

Olvera-Barrios, Abraham; Kihara, Yuka; Warwick, Alasdair; Mueller, Philipp; Egan, Catherine; Williams, Katie; Lee, Aaron; Tufail, Adnan

doi:10.1167/iovs.63.8.26

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although existing studies describing sex differences in the foveal pit used different parameter definitions and mathematical models, one finding is consistent between our results and most of the previous work: a broader and shallower pit in females [ 10 – 12 , 27 , 51 ] ( S2 Table ). As with thickness differences, the lateral scale estimation bias introduced by ocular magnification might lead to an overestimation of the lateral scaling in females and the observed differences in slope and radius.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the case of sex, after early work on the topic [ 10 , 26 ], the work of Scheibe et al was the first relatively large study reporting clear sex differences in foveal pit morphology [ 11 ]. More recently, sex differences in foveal curvature were also found in a large study using the UK-Biobank dataset [ 27 ]. As for age, this factor has been less explored and large studies have focused mainly on the foveal slope [ 27 – 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…More recently, sex differences in foveal curvature were also found in a large study using the UK-Biobank dataset [ 27 ]. As for age, this factor has been less explored and large studies have focused mainly on the foveal slope [ 27 – 29 ]. Importantly, only a few works have investigated the foveal shape across multiple angular directions [ 11 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spatial characterization of the effect of age and sex on macular layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characterizing the effect of age and sex on macular retinal layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology is crucial to differentiating between natural and disease-related changes. We applied advanced image analysis techniques to optical coherence tomography (OCT) to: 1) enhance the spatial description of age and sex effects, and 2) create a detailed open database of normative retinal layer thickness maps and foveal pit shapes. The maculae of 444 healthy subjects (age range 21–88) were imaged with OCT. Using computational spatial data analysis, thickness maps were obtained for retinal layers and averaged into 400 (20 x 20) sectors. Additionally, the geometry of the foveal pit was radially analyzed by computing the central foveal thickness, rim height, rim radius, and mean slope. The effect of age and sex on these parameters was analyzed with multiple regression mixed-effects models. We observed that the overall age-related decrease of the total retinal thickness (TRT) (-1.1% per 10 years) was mainly driven by the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) (-2.4% per 10 years). Both TRT and GCIPL thinning patterns were homogeneous across the macula when using percentual measurements. Although the male retina was 4.1 μm thicker on average, the greatest differences were mainly present for the inner retinal layers in the inner macular ring (up to 4% higher TRT than in the central macula). There was an age-related decrease in the rim height (1.0% per 10 years) and males had a higher rim height, shorter rim radius, and steeper mean slope. Importantly, the radial analysis revealed that these changes are present and relatively uniform across angular directions. These findings demonstrate the capacity of advanced analysis of OCT images to enhance the description of the macula. This, together with the created dataset, could aid the development of more accurate diagnosis models for macular pathologies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatial characterization of the effect of age and sex on macular layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The foveal pit becomes more curved with increasing myopia, as recently confirmed by a study analysing over 10,000 OCT scans in the UK Biobank. 67 These changes, we hypothesize, could potentially have an effect on the frequency and/or brightness of the foveal reflex. In addition to this explanation, we cannot rule out the possibility that some of this association was due to selection bias inadvertently introduced by the exclusion of poor-quality images (e.g., perhaps centrally underexposed images with more negative SER were more likely to be rejected than similarly underexposed images with less negative SER, considering that the DL model that we used for image quality assessment might be more likely to reject “pathologic”-looking fundus photographs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Retinal Changes From Hyperopia to Myopia: Not All Diopters Are Created Equal

Yii,

Bernabeu,

Dhillon

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To quantitatively characterize retinal changes across different quantiles of refractive error in 34,414 normal eyes of 23,064 healthy adults in the UK Biobank. Methods Twelve optic disc (OD), foveal and vascular parameters were derived from color fundus photographs, correcting for ocular magnification as appropriate. Quantile regression was used to test the independent associations between these parameters and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) across 34 refractive quantiles (high hyperopia to high myopia)—controlling for age, sex and corneal radius. Results More negative SER was non linearly associated with greater Euclidian (largely horizontal) OD-fovea distance, larger OD, less circular OD, more obliquely orientated OD (superior pole tilted towards the fovea), brighter fovea, lower vascular complexity, less tortuous vessels, more concave (straightened out towards the fovea) papillomacular arterial/venous arcade and wider central retinal arterioles/venules. In myopia, these parameters varied more strongly with SER as myopia increased. For example, while every standard deviation (SD) decrease in vascular complexity was associated with 0.63 D (right eye: 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.68) to 0.68 D (left eye: 95% CI, 0.63–0.73) higher myopia in the quantile corresponding to −0.60 D, it was associated with 1.61 D (right eye: 95% CI, 1.40–1.82) to 1.70 D (left eye: 95% CI, 1.56–1.84) higher myopia in the most myopic quantile. OD-fovea angle (degree of vertical separation between OD and fovea) was found to vary linearly with SER, but the magnitude was of little practical importance (less than 0.10 D variation per SD change in angle in almost all refractive quantiles) compared with the changes in OD-fovea distance. Conclusions Several interrelated retinal changes indicative of an increasing (nonconstant) rate of mechanical stretching are evident at the posterior pole as myopia increases. These changes also suggest that the posterior pole stretches predominantly in the temporal horizontal direction.

show abstract

“…This assumption has been difficult to test in vivo, in part because assays of MP abundance did not account well for the cellular composition, geometry, and population-level variability in foveal structure. 53 This variability in turn results from differences in the rate, timing, and extent of complex cellular interactions in foveal development, involving prenatal creation of a pit and postnatal squeezing together of cones. 54 , 55 In the adult fovea, cones are densely packed, 56 with a 10-fold decline in all directions within 1 mm (3.5°) eccentricity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%