Foveal Damage in Habitual Poppers Users

doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.6

Cited by 57 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[26] A class of designer drugs, the alkyl nitrites, including isopropyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite, has been implicated in “poppers maculopathy.”[27,28,29] The offending agent is inhaled. Symptoms include decreased central visual acuity, central scotoma, phosphenes, and metamorphopsia.…”

Section: Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular manifestations of drug and alcohol abuse

Peragallo¹,

Biousse²,

Newman

2013

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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Purpose of review To review commonly encountered adverse ocular effects of illicit drug use. Recent findings Drug and alcohol abuse can produce a variety of ocular and neuro-ophthalmic side effects. Novel, so-called “designer,” drugs of abuse can lead to unusual ocular disorders. Legal substances, when used in manners for which they have not been prescribed, can also have devastating ophthalmic consequences. Summary In this review we will systematically evaluate each part of the visual pathways and discuss how individual drugs may affect them.

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Section: Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27,28] [Figure 1] The mechanism of deleterious action on the retina is unclear, but may include nitric oxide toxicity. [27,28,29]…”

Section: Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular manifestations of drug and alcohol abuse

Peragallo¹,

Biousse²,

Newman

2013

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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“…Given this, it is critical to document the ability of the rtx1 AOC to successfully identify cone photoreceptors and understand its limitations. Cone imaging has been described qualitatively in macular disease by Paques and colleagues and others11–13 and quantitatively by way of cone density in healthy subjects using the rtx1 AOC 14. Crucially though, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the signals in relation to cone matrices such as photoreceptor organisation, cone density and intercone distance in age-matched controls has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone photoreceptor definition on adaptive optics retinal imaging

Muthiah

Gias²,

Chen

et al. 2014

Br J Ophthalmol

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AimsTo quantitatively analyse cone photoreceptor matrices on images captured on an adaptive optics (AO) camera and assess their correlation to well-established parameters in the retinal histology literature.MethodsHigh resolution retinal images were acquired from 10 healthy subjects, aged 20–35 years old, using an AO camera (rtx1, Imagine Eyes, France). Left eye images were captured at 5° of retinal eccentricity, temporal to the fovea for consistency. In three subjects, images were also acquired at 0, 2, 3, 5 and 7° retinal eccentricities. Cone photoreceptor density was calculated following manual and automated counting. Inter-photoreceptor distance was also calculated. Voronoi domain and power spectrum analyses were performed for all images.ResultsAt 5° eccentricity, the cone density (cones/mm2 mean±SD) was 15.3±1.4×103 (automated) and 13.9±1.0×103 (manual) and the mean inter-photoreceptor distance was 8.6±0.4 μm. Cone density decreased and inter-photoreceptor distance increased with increasing retinal eccentricity from 2 to 7°. A regular hexagonal cone photoreceptor mosaic pattern was seen at 2, 3 and 5° of retinal eccentricity.ConclusionsImaging data acquired from the AO camera match cone density, intercone distance and show the known features of cone photoreceptor distribution in the pericentral retina as reported by histology, namely, decreasing density values from 2 to 7° of eccentricity and the hexagonal packing arrangement. This confirms that AO flood imaging provides reliable estimates of pericentral cone photoreceptor distribution in normal subjects.

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“…In individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, alkyl nitrites can trigger a hemolytic anemia. There are also rare reports of visual changes (Audo, et al 2011). Nonetheless, relative rarity of significant medical consequences has led many MSM to regard the use of poppers as fairly benign, and to disregard occasional statements about them from medical authorities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%