Fox-Fordyce Disease (Apocrine Miliaria)

Fox–Fordyce Disease: An under‐diagnosed adverse event of laser hair removal?

“…Itching, which is suggested to be secondary to inflammation caused by the spewed sweat, often precedes the appearance of the papules . Stress, excitement, exercise and hot weather are the main exacerbating factors . Three out of the five patients we are presenting in this report denied any exacerbating factor, the other two patients had exacerbations secondary to hot weather, exercise, menstrual cycles and friction (Table ).…”

“…It typically involves the axilla, areola, anogenital area and to a lesser extent the lips, umbilicus, sternum, perineum and medial aspect of upper thigh . Patients typically present with persistent skin‐coloured to yellowish, perifollicular, pruritic, uniform papular skin lesions with associated hypotrichosis and hyperkeratosis . The clinical presentation of FFD is suggested to be secondary to an interruption of apocrine sweat secretions due to keratinocytes dysmaturation that leads to follicular hyperkeratosis and the formation of a keratin plug at the point of insertion of the apocrine duct .…”

“…Fox–Fordyce Disease (FFD) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disease of the apocrine glands, mainly affecting post‐pubertal women . It involves apocrine gland‐bearing areas including the axilla, areola, anogenital area and umbilicus .…”

“…Fox–Fordyce Disease (FFD) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disease of the apocrine glands, mainly affecting post‐pubertal women . It involves apocrine gland‐bearing areas including the axilla, areola, anogenital area and umbilicus . It is characterized by multiple, skin‐coloured to yellowish, perifollicular, usually pruritic, uniform papular skin lesions with associated hypotrichosis and hyperkeratosis .…”

“…1 It involves apocrine gland-bearing areas including the axilla, areola, anogenital area and umbilicus. [1][2][3][4][5] It is characterized by multiple, skin-coloured to yellowish, perifollicular, usually pruritic, uniform papular skin lesions with associated hypotrichosis and hyperkeratosis. [2][3][4][5] There are a lot of controversies concerning its pathogenesis which remains unknown.…”