Fox–Fordyce disease: Insights from cases induced by laser hair removal

Byth, Lachlan A; Byth, Jenny

doi:10.1111/ajd.13194

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While six cases occurred in people above the age of 40, only two cases were reported in people below the age of 10, both occurring in females aged 8 and 9, respectively 1,5–9 . Additionally, three cases of FFD occurred in families 3,10,11 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The disease may be asymptomatic 1 every 3–4 patients (approximately 29% of patients). Patients reported decreased hair growth in areas affected which can be attributed to the death of stem cells around the injured infundibulum 10 . Inflammation is a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of the disease, and xanthomatous inflammatory infiltrate was found in most FFD cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients reported decreased hair growth in areas affected which can be attributed to the death of stem cells around the injured infundibulum. 10 Inflammation is a key TA B L E 3 Fox-Fordyce management adopted in decreasing patient frequency…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The fact that 16% of FFD cases reviewed in this article erupted after laser hair removal, a procedure that can cause damage to follicular infundibulum, also supports obstruction as a cause of FFD. 2,9,10,12,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Finally, hormonal changes also play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease.…”

Section: Calcipotriol and Betamethasonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox‐Fordyce disease: A systematic review

Salloum

Bouferraa

Bazzi

et al. 2021

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: Fox-Fordyce (FFD), also known as apocrine military, is an uncommon chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands. It is characterized by pruritic, papular eruptions in apocrine-gland-bearing regions. FFD was described a century ago, but the exact pathogenesis of the disease and the management are not well understood. Aims:This paper provides a wide understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox-Fordyce disease. Its aim is to help the physician to diagnose and manage this entity accordingly.Methods: A research was done using PubMed database on 12 April 12, 2020, and in order to retrieve all case reports, case series, cohort studies, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials were included describing FFD among patients.Results: A total of 43 articles and 68 patients were included in the study. The majority of patients were young females. The disease was bilateral in 90%, affected the axillae and to a lesser extent the pubic and the periareolar areas and rarely the thoracic area, the abdominal area, and the face. FFD followed a relapsing and remitting course, and an evident improvement in disease course was noted after menopause. Conclusion:The typical FFD patient is a post-pubertal female and pre-menopause, presenting with pruritic papules in apocrine-gland-bearing regions. FFD can be sporadic or occurs in family, and it can be asymptomatic in 1/(3-4) of patients and can be triggered by laser hair removal and hormonal changes. Further randomized clinical trials assessing different treatment of FFD are now warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcipotriol and Betamethasonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox‐Fordyce disease: A systematic review

Salloum

Bouferraa

Bazzi

et al. 2021

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…92,93 Thermal spread in laser therapy damages the follicular infundibulum, altering keratinocyte maturation (dyskeratosis and/or dysmaturation) and resulting in keratin plugging with the pathological features of FFD. 88,91,94,95 However, when perifollicular xanthomatosis is lacking, the condition is called Fox-Fordyce-like disease (FFLD). 90 FFD and FFLD have been reported as complications of photo epilation with alexandrite, diode, and IPL devices (Figure 6).…”

Section: Changes In Naevimentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Events of Light-Assisted Hair Removal: An Updated Review

et al. 2023

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Background With light-assisted hair removal becoming widely used, reports of adverse effects are increasing. Objective To review all the reported optical incidents and cutaneous complications of laser or intense pulse light-assisted hair removal. Methods A PubMed database systematic search was performed to identify studies reporting such adverse events before July 2022 using the Mesh terms “adverse effects” AND “hair removal” AND (“laser” OR “intense pulse light”). Results Altogether, 358 references were identified. After excluding duplicates, unrelated articles, guidelines, and conference abstracts, then adding references from studies bibliography, 104 publications were included. Ocular incidents consisted of anterior uveitis, iritis and iris atrophy, pupillary distortion, posterior synechiae, anterior chamber pigment, and cataracts in the anterior subcapsular region. Cutaneous complications consisted of pain, burns, folliculitis, leukotrichia, paradoxical hypertrichosis, pigmentary changes, changes in nevi, pili bigemini, herpes infection, hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease, and frostbite from the cooling system. They were mostly correlated to skin type and body area as well as to light device and set parameters. Intense pulse light devices were found to be less painful than alexandrite laser, yet more painful than diode laser; Nd:YAG laser had the highest pain score. Conclusion Optical incidents can be systematically avoided. Cutaneous complications are usually related to professional errors and patient characteristics. Better knowledge of laser physics and adequate training of laser operators are key recommendations to avoid undesirable side effects. Safety recommendations help prevent most of the reported complications.

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Hair removal laser‐induced Fox–Fordyce disease emerging on the axillary and pubic areas: Report of a case and review of literature

Sepaskhah,

Hamedpour,

Sari Aslani

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageFox–Fordyce disease is a recognized adverse effect of depilating lasers. It should be considered among the differential diagnoses of the pruritic perifollicular papules that occur at the hair removal laser treatment site, including Alex/Diode laser.AbstractFox–Fordyce disease (FFD) is an uncommon skin disorder affecting the apocrine sweat glands and presents as pruritic skin‐colored papules, mainly on the axillary and pubic areas. Some predisposing factors are proposed, including hormonal changes. A few cases of FFD have been reported after hair removal by light‐ and laser‐assisted devices. Herein, we report FFD in some areas (axillary and pubic areas) treated with Alex/Diode hair removal laser.

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Fox–Fordyce disease: Insights from cases induced by laser hair removal

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox‐Fordyce disease: A systematic review

Pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox‐Fordyce disease: A systematic review

Adverse Events of Light-Assisted Hair Removal: An Updated Review

Hair removal laser‐induced Fox–Fordyce disease emerging on the axillary and pubic areas: Report of a case and review of literature

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