The functional information on heat-shock proteins (Hsp) and heat-shock promoters from an important agricultural insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, is still lacking. We conducted a genomewide identification of Hsp genes and identified a total of 21 genes belonging to four major insect Hsp families (small heat-shock proteins, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) in S. frugiperda. Expression of most of S. frugiperda (SfHsp) genes could be detected in Sf9 cells, embryos and larval tissues of S. frugiperda. The heat-inducible activity of heat-shock promoters from several SfHsp genes was tested in Sf9 cells and embryos. The promoter of SfHsp70D showed the high constitutive activity in cell line and embryos, while the activity of SfHsp20.15 and SfHsp20.71 promoters was most dramatically induced in Sf9 cells and embryos. In embryos, the heat-induced activity of SfHsp20.71 and SfHsp70D promoters outperformed commercially used ie1 and ie2 promoters. The heat-induced activity of SfHsp70D and SfHsp19.07 promoters were more robust than ie2 promoter in Sf9 cells. These SfHsp promoters with high basal activity or with heat-induced activity from low basal activity, could be used in S. frugiperda or other lepidopteran insects for many applications including transgenesis and genome editing.Heat-shock proteins (Hsp) are abundant and ubiquitously expressed in insects playing important roles in enhancing abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, as well as regulating normal development 1,2 . Based on their molecular mass and function, insect Hsp can be divided into four major families, small heat-shock proteins, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp 90 2 . Expression of Hsp from a wide range of insect species have been reported to be induced and modulated by abiotic stressors, including extreme temperature 3-5 , ultraviolet radiation 6,7 , pesticides 8,9 , heavy metals 10,11 , desiccation 12-14 , starvation 15,16 , and anoxia/hypoxia 17-19 , as well as several biotic insults, including parasites 20,21 , pathogens 22,23 , and high population density 24 . In recent years, the availability of both transcriptome and genome data greatly contributed to the identification of an increasing number of Hsp genes from diverse insect species and promoted their functional studies 5,9,[25][26][27] . However, information of Hsp genes from a destructive insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, is still limited 23,28 .The stress-inducible expression of Hsp gene is conferred by binding of heat-shock factor (HSF) to heat-shock elements (HSEs), which consists of arrays of the 5-bp unit NGAAN arranged as inverted repeats in the promoter region 29 . Since exposure to high temperature is likely the simpler way to achieve inducible expression of insect Hsp genes, the promoters of insect Hsp genes are good candidates to drive the expression of foreign genes by heat-shock. Analysis of heat-shock promoters is still limited to a few model insect species. Promoters of Hsp26, Hsp68, Hsp70, and Hsp82, from Drosophila melanogaster have been used to drive the heat-shock induced expression of transposase...