FOXING STAINS AND DISCOLOURATION OF LEAF MARGINS AND PAPER SURROUNDING PRINTING INK: Elements of a complex phenomenon in books

Non Invasive Techniques for the Investigation of Foxing Stains on Graphic Art Material

“…• Patterns of foxing stains have been observed on several consecutive pages of books 12 leading to the interpretation of either diffusion of chemicals or fungal infestation during themaking of papers.…”

Contribution to the characterization of foxing stains on printed books using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry

“…are prone to developing fox spots. The stains grow following a three dimensional network migrating through adjacent paper sheets of a book, diminishing with the number of sheets distanced from the coated paper insertion (Ligterink et al, 1991;Peters, 2000). Stains frequently fluoresce when examined under ultraviolet radiation.…”

The Ecology of the Fungal Fox Spots in a Book Published in 1854

“…Linterink et al 11 observed that foxing stains of identical shape and approximate size were observed throughout the pages of some old books. They dismantled the books and returned the paper to the quire stage and found that identical shaped spots lined up on top of each other, proving their common origin.…”