FOXSI-2: Upgrades of the Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager for its Second Flight

Christe, Steven; Glesener, Lindsay; Buitrago-Casas, Camilo; Ishikawa, Shin-­nosuke; Ramsey, Brian D.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Kilaru, Kiranmayee; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Watanabe, Shin; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Tajima, H.; Turin, P.; Shourt, Van; Foster, Natalie; Krucker, S.

doi:10.1142/s2251171716400055

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The third solar observation took advantage of a quiet solar environment on 2014 December 11 (with a full-disk GOES level of B6). This occurred during the flight of the FOXSI-2 (Christe et al 2016) sounding rocket, which also targeted an active region (AR 12222) on the limb of the solar disk. Figure 3 shows the livetime during this one-orbit observation as well as the images from the NuSTAR limb pointing and the long stare at the north pole region.…”

Section: Observation 3: the Quiet Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE FIRST FOCUSED HARD X-RAY IMAGES OF THE SUN WITH NuSTAR

Grefenstette

Glesener

Krucker

et al. 2016

ApJ

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We present results from the the first campaign of dedicated solar observations undertaken by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) hard X-ray telescope. Designed as an astrophysics mission, NuSTAR nonetheless has the capability of directly imaging the Sun at hard X-ray energies (>3 keV) with an increase in sensitivity of at least two magnitude compared to current non-focusing telescopes. In this paper we describe the scientific areas where NuSTAR will make major improvements on existing solar measurements. We report on the techniques used to observe the Sun with NuSTAR, their limitations and complications, and the procedures developed to optimize solar data quality derived from our experience with the initial solar observations. These first observations are briefly described, including the measurement of the Fe K-shell lines in a decaying X-class flare, hard X-ray emission from high in the solar corona, and full-disk hard X-ray images of the Sun.

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Section: Observation 3: the Quiet Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE FIRST FOCUSED HARD X-RAY IMAGES OF THE SUN WITH NuSTAR

Grefenstette

Glesener

Krucker

et al. 2016

ApJ

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“…The MaGIXS mirrors were produced using MSFC's electro-forming replication process -the same process used to produce HEROES, 9, 10 ART-XC, 11-14 FOXSI, [15][16][17][18] and IXPE. 19,20,20 Fabrication begins with rough cutting a mandrel from an aluminum block.…”

Section: Mirror Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray evaluation of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) nickel-replicated mirrors

Champey

Winebarger

Athiray

et al. 2019

Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IX

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X-ray observations of astronomical objects provides diagnostics not available in any other wavelength regime, however the capability of making these observation at a high spatial resolution has proven challenging. Recently, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has made good progress in employing computer numerical control (CNC) polishing techniques on electroless nickel mandrels as part of our replicated grazing incidence optics program. CNC polishing has afforded the ability to deterministically refine mandrel figure, thereby improving mirror performance. The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a MSFC-led sounding rocket instrument that is designed to make the first ever soft x-ray spectral observations of the Sun spatially resolved along a narrow slit. MaGIXS incorporates some of the first mirrors produced at MSFC using this polishing technique. Here we present the predicted mirror performance obtained from metrology, after completion of CNC polishing, as well as the results of X-ray tests performed on the MaGIXS telescope mirror before and after mounting.

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“…The past two FOXSI observations were successfully performed with a target energy band of hard X-rays above a few keV [7,8,9,10]. FOXSI has seven modules of X-ray grazing incidence telescopes; we used semiconductor hard X-ray detectors for past launches [11,12,13]. Since the FOXSI telescope has a focusing capability to the soft X-ray energy range, we will replace one detector with the CMOS sensor as the focal plane detector for the FOXSI-3 to realize the first soft X-ray high-speed imaging spectroscopy of the Sun.…”

Section: X-ray Imaging Spectroscopy With a Sounding Rocketmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed X-ray imaging spectroscopy system with Zynq SoC for solar observations

Ishikawa

Takahashi

Watanabe

et al. 2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We have developed a system combining a back-illuminated Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensor and Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip (SoC) device for a soft X-ray (0.5-10 keV) imaging spectroscopy observation of the Sun to investigate the dynamics of the solar corona. Because typical timescales of energy release phenomena in the corona span a few minutes at most, we aim to obtain the corresponding energy spectra and derive the physical parameters, i.e., temperature and emission measure, every few tens of seconds or less for future solar X-ray observations. An X-ray photon-counting technique, with a frame rate of a few hundred frames per second or more, can achieve such results. We used the Zynq SoC device to achieve the requirements. Zynq contains an ARM processor core, which is also known as the Processing System (PS) part, and a Programmable Logic (PL) part in a single chip. We use the PL and PS to control the sensor and seamless recording of data to a storage system, respectively. We aim to use the system for the third flight of the Focusing Optics Solar X-ray Imager (FOXSI-3) sounding rocket experiment for the first photon-counting X-ray imaging and spectroscopy of the Sun.

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FOXSI-2: Upgrades of the Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager for its Second Flight

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

THE FIRST FOCUSED HARD X-RAY IMAGES OF THE SUN WITH NuSTAR

THE FIRST FOCUSED HARD X-RAY IMAGES OF THE SUN WITH NuSTAR

X-ray evaluation of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) nickel-replicated mirrors

High-speed X-ray imaging spectroscopy system with Zynq SoC for solar observations

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