“…To assess the performance of our proposed MHHO, we conducted an extensive set of experiments by comparing it with seven widely used metaheuristics, including flower pollination algorithm (FPA) (Sunny & Jayaraj, 2021), Bat algorithm (Alsalibi et al, 2021), salp swarm algorithm (SSA) (Tubishat et al, 2021), Harris hawks optimization (HHO), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) (Song et al, 2021), Differential evolution (DE) (Deng et al, 2021), and gray wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) (Dadashzadeh et al, 2021). To ensure a fair comparison, we kept the population size consistent at 100 individuals for all algorithms.…”