FPGA-Based System for Electromagnetic Interference Evaluation in Random Modulated DC/DC Converters

Abstract

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) provides the possibility to design new “electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) friendly” control techniques for power electronic converters. Such control techniques use pseudo-random modulators (RanM) to control the converter switches. However, some issues connected with the FPGA-based design of RanM, such as matching the range of fixed-point numbers, might be challenging. The modern programming tools, such as LabVIEW, may facilitate the design process, but there are still fixed-point operations and limitations in arithmetic operations. This paper presents the design insights on the FPGA-based EMC friendly control system for DC/DC converter. Probability density functions (PDF) are used to analyse and improve pseudo-random algorithms. The theoretical algorithms, hardware details and experimental results are presented and discussed in terms of conducted electromagnetic interference emission.

The Effect of EMI Generated from Spread-Spectrum-Modulated SiC-Based Buck Converter on the G3-PLC Channel

“…In the same framework, many researches aim at the application of spread-spectrum modulation (SSM) techniques on power converters as a suitable method of EMI mitigation, as SSM spreads EMI power into a wider band of frequencies so as to significantly reduce the EMI amplitude at the harmonics of the switching frequency [16][17][18]. Indeed, SSM has been found to be effective to keep the electromagnetic emission levels below EMC standard limits and has been used in some applications like electronic ballasts [19] and LCD panels [20,21].…”

Design of Petri Net-Based Cyber-Physical Systems Oriented on the Implementation in Field Programmable Gate Arrays

“…An FPGA is composed of a matrix of programmable logic blocks. Its main advantage relies on high performance, flexibility and the possibility of multiple reconfiguration of the device [32][33][34][35][36]. Moreover, due to their architecture, FPGAs are parallel by nature [14,37].…”

Aggregated Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Generated by DC/DC Converters with Deterministic and Random Modulation

“…In the subject matter literature, some papers emphasize the necessity for assurance of reliable operation of complex energy systems and the need for EMC assurance [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Furthermore, some papers highlight how approaches concerning deterministic modulation (DetM) and random modulation (RanM), based on the parameters' control of fundamental switching frequency ( f sw ) and duty cycle (d), may contribute to achieving EMC requirements [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Indeed, the RanM has been widely used since the 1980s [21].…”

“…Figure 1 shows the EMI measurement of one buck converter topology, with the f sw = 60 kHz, d = 0.5 and with both switch control strategies, DetM and RanM. The EMI measurement presented by Figure 1 was carried out based on the FPGA-based system proposed in [20].…”

“…On the other hand, RanM provides the spreading of interference over frequency range, thus the reduction of maximum observed values is obtained. [20].…”