FPGA Correlator for Applications in Embedded Smart Devices

Moore, Christopher; Lin, Wei

doi:10.3390/bios12040236

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The correlator used for this DCS system is a flexible hardware FPGA correlator we previously described [44]. This correlator was designed to be very flexible, allowing for numerous configurations of the calculated delays and the choice between auto-and cross-correlation.…”

Section: Autocorrelator Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Device-on-Chip Solution for Real-Time Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Using FPGA

Moore,

Sunar,

Lin

2024

Preprint

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Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a non-invasive technology for the evaluation of the blood perfusion in deep tissue. However, it requires high computational resources for data analysis which poses challenges in its implementation for real-time applications. To address the unmet need, we developed a novel device-on-chip solution that fully integrates all the necessary computational components needed for DCS. It takes the output of a photon detector and determines the blood flow index (BFI). It is implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip including a multi-tau correlator for the calculation of the temporal light intensity autocorrelation function and a DCS analyzer to perform the curve fitting operation that derives the BFI. The FPGA DCS system was evaluated against a lab-standard DCS system for both phantom and cuff-ischemia studies. The results indicate that the autocorrelation of the light correlation and BFI from both the FPGA DCS and the reference DCS matched well. Furthermore, the FPGA DCS system was able to achieve a measurement rate of 50 Hz and resolve pulsatile blood flow.

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Section: Autocorrelator Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are less flexible and hard for end users to reconfigure. Several custom, open-source FPGA correlator designs have been made that provide much greater flexibility, but they have not yet been applied to DCS applications [44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Device-on-Chip Solution for Real-Time Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Using FPGA

Moore,

Sunar,

Lin

2024

Preprint

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“…Autocorrelation functions using power spectrum require high-speed calculations, so there have been reports of FFT, iFFT and related processing being implemented in FPGA. The reported implementations are extremely helpful for this research [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Parallel Processing With Polyphasementioning

confidence: 99%

Autocorrelation Coefficient for Detecting the Frequency of Bio-Telemetry

Nakajima¹,

Muraki²,

Yagi³

et al. 2022

J Multimed Inf Syst

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A MATLAB program was developed to calculate the half-wavelength of a sine-curve baseband signal with white noise by using an autocorrelation function, a SG filter, and zero-crossing detection. The frequency of the input signal can be estimated from 1) the first zero-crossing (corresponding to ¼λ) and 2) the R value (the Y axis of the correlogram) at the center of the segment. Thereby, the frequency information of the preceding segment can be obtained. If the segment size were optimized, and a portion with a large zero-crossing dynamic range were obtained, the frequency discrimination ability would improve. Furthermore, if the values of the correlogram for each frequency prepared on the CPU side were prepared in a table, the volume of calculations can be reduced by 98%. As background, period detection by autocorrelation coefficients requires an integer multiple of 1/2λ (when using a sine wave as the object of the autocorrelation function), otherwise the correlogram drawn by R value will not exhibit orthogonality. Therefore, it has not been used in bio-telemetry where the frequencies move around.

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“…Moore C. and Lin W. [ 19 ] recently exposed the growing demand of optimized methods to compute correlation algorithms in embedded devices. Their goal was to develop a fast and accurate solution to correlate two signals in real-time.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simplified Correlation Index for Fast Real-Time Pulse Shape Recognition

Cicuttin

Morales

Crespo

et al. 2022

Sensors

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A simplified correlation index is proposed to be used in real-time pulse shape recognition systems. This index is similar to the classic Pearson’s correlation coefficient, but it can be efficiently implemented in FPGA devices with far fewer logic resources and excellent performance. Numerical simulations with synthetic data and comparisons with the Pearson’s correlation show the suitability of the proposed index in applications such as the discrimination and counting of pulses with a predefined shape. Superior performance is evident in signal-to-noise ratio scenarios close to unity. FPGA implementation of Person’s method and the proposed correlation index have been successfully tested and the main results are summarized.

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FPGA Correlator for Applications in Embedded Smart Devices

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

A Device-on-Chip Solution for Real-Time Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Using FPGA

A Device-on-Chip Solution for Real-Time Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Using FPGA

Autocorrelation Coefficient for Detecting the Frequency of Bio-Telemetry

A Simplified Correlation Index for Fast Real-Time Pulse Shape Recognition

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