FPGA prototyping of video watermarking for ownership verification based on H.264/AVC

Abstract

Digital video watermarking has drawn the attention towards authentication and proof of ownership. Uncompressed domain watermarking has flourished over the years and related algorithms have been implemented on the software platform. Software watermarking algorithms work offline where videos are captured through device and embedding algorithms run on a PC that is used to embed the watermark in the original video content. It doesn't suffice real time requirements because of the delay that takes place between capturing and embedding the watermark. This delay involvement is more prone to attacks. Thus, it is essential to develop the system where the watermark gets embedded at the same time when video is being captured. In this paper, an efficient watermark embedding process has been portrayed which is suited to H.264/AVC standard. The proposed algorithm introduces the concept of scene change detection based on Integer Discrete Cosine Transform (Integer-DCT) using scene change detection. The different frames of a scene are embedded with different bit planes of the same watermark in order to improve the performance against temporal attacks. The algorithm is validated on the MATLAB platform and is prototyped on FPGA to show its feasibility for real-time application.

Hardware Implementation of Image and Video Watermarking for Ownership Verification

“…The algorithm uses the scene change detection concept for robustness against temporal attacks. Later on, the same algorithm is implemented on FPGA for real time ownership verification application [24]. The parts of the same watermark are inserted in various frames of a particular scene of the video to improve the performance.…”

“…(4.9), respectively. The 2-D DCT is implemented with separable property, where the column wise 1-D DCT is applied followed by row wise 1-D DCT [24]. The watermark embedding scheme uses multiplication and division operations to generate the watermarked coefficient.…”

An efficient DCT based image watermarking scheme for protecting distribution rights

“…The scene change is detected to improve robustness where different planes of the particular watermark are inserted in various frames of a r scene in order to have better performance against temporal attacks. The extension of the work is developed by same author in paper [12]. The algorithm is developed to suit the H.264 video coding standard.…”

FPGA Implementation of 4-Point and 8-Point Fast Hadamard Transform

“…The objective of the paper is to design an efficient DHT for real time signal processing application. The FPGA provides the advantages in terms of field programmability and processing speed [4]. FPGA implementation outperforms DSP implementation in terms of speed, power and area [5].…”