“…A fragment's boundaries have a fractal distribution of length segments that produce a roughness apparent at different magnifications. Several authors have successfully quantified boundary roughness for coastlines [ Mandelbrot , 1967, 1983; Klinkenberg and Goodchild , 1992; Klinkenberg , 1994; Allen et al , 1995; Andrle , 1996; Jiang and Plotnick , 1998; Xiaohua et al , 2004; Tanner et al , 2006] and for rock fragments and fracture paths [ Jebrak , 1997; Bérubé and Jebrak , 1999; Bonnet et al , 2001; Dellino and Liotino , 2002; Lorilleux et al , 2002]. The boundary roughness fractal dimension, D r, increases with greater pattern complexity [ Mandelbrot , 1983].…”