Fractal Analysis of TATB‐Based Explosive AFM Morphology at Different Conditions

Cheng, Ke; Liu, Xue-yong; Guan, Dexin; Xu, Tao; Wei, Zhong

doi:10.1002/prep.200700032

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The fracture fractal dimension showed a decreasing trend with the rise of temperature, which is rational because at a lower temperature, especially lower than the glass transition temperature of the binder, the brittleness of binder is enhanced, so more transgranular and trans-particle fracture will occur; while at a higher temperature, especially higher than the glass transition temperature of the binder, the viscosity of the binder is enhanced so more intergranular and inter-particle fracture will occur. This result agrees with the previous research on TATB-PBX by atomic force microscopy (AFM) [ 34 ]. This phenomenon can also be seen directly through SEM images, which was discussed in the previous section.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In-Situ X-ray Tomography Observation of Structure Evolution in 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Based Polymer Bonded Explosive (TATB-PBX) under Thermo-Mechanical Loading

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2018

Materials

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In order to study the fracture behavior and structure evolution of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene (TATB)-based polymer bonded explosive in thermal-mechanical loading, in-situ studies were performed on X-ray computed tomography system using quasi-static Brazilian test. The experiment temperature was set from −20 °C to 70 °C. Three-dimensional morphology of cracks at different temperatures was obtained through digital image process. The various fracture modes were compared by scanning electron microscopy. Fracture degree and complexity were defined to quantitatively characterize the different types of fractures. Fractal dimension was used to characterize the roughness of the crack surface. The displacement field of particles in polymer bonded explosive (PBX) was used to analyze the interior structure evolution during the process of thermal-mechanical loading. It was found that the brittleness of PBX reduced, the fracture got more tortuous, and the crack surface got smoother as the temperature rose. At lower temperatures, especially lower than glass transition temperature of binders, there were slipping and shear among particles, and particles tended to displace and disperse; while at higher temperatures, especially above the glass transition temperature of binders, there was reorganization of particles and particles tended to merge, disperse, and reduce sizes, rather than displacing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In-Situ X-ray Tomography Observation of Structure Evolution in 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Based Polymer Bonded Explosive (TATB-PBX) under Thermo-Mechanical Loading

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…Alternatively, a fractal character can arise as a consequence of surface treatment by physical or chemical methods [20,27-30]. In the present case, both conditions of as deposited material (after preparation of the composite slab) and material that has undergone a surface treatment (namely AP) appear as the candidates for occurrence of a fractal character.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atomic force microscopy in vitro study of surface roughness and fractal character of a dental restoration composite after air-polishing

Salerno

Giacomelli²,

Derchi³

et al. 2010

BioMedical Engineering OnLine

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BackgroundSurface roughness is the main factor determining bacterial adhesion, biofilm growth and plaque formation on the dental surfaces in vivo. Air-polishing of dental surfaces removes biofilm but can also damage the surface by increasing its roughness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface damage of different conditions of air-polishing performed in vitro on a recently introduced dental restorative composite.MethodsAbrasive powders of sodium bicarbonate and glycine, combined at different treatment times (5, 10 and 30 s) and distances (2 and 7 mm), have been tested. The resulting root mean square roughness of the surfaces has been measured by means of atomic force microscopy, and the data have been analyzed statistically to assess the significance. Additionally, a fractal analysis of the samples surfaces has been carried out.ResultsThe minimum surface roughening was obtained by air-polishing with glycine powder for 5 s, at either of the considered distances, which resulted in a mean roughness of ~300 nm on a 30 × 30 μm2 surface area, whereas in the other cases it was in the range of 400-750 nm. Both untreated surfaces and surfaces treated with the maximum roughening conditions exhibited a fractal character, with comparable dimension in the 2.4-2.7 range, whereas this was not the case for the surfaces treated with the minimum roughening conditions.ConclusionsFor the dental practitioner it is of interest to learn that use of glycine in air polishing generates the least surface roughening on the considered restorative material, and thus is expected to provide the lowest rate of bacterial biofilm growth and dental plaque formation. Furthermore, the least roughening behaviour identified has been correlated with the disappearance of the surface fractal character, which could represent an integrative method for screening the air polishing treatment efficacy.

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“…AFM has been used to study the surface morphology of ammonium perchlorate, cyclotrimethylenetrintramine (RDX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) systems [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The decomposition mechanism of Cr 2 O 3 =RDX nanocomposite under heat was investigated using a heated-tip AFM in the tapping mode [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Characterization of Mock Explosive Materials Using Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy Methods

Mares

Groven

et al. 2014

Journal of Energetic Materials

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Most explosives are micro-and nanoscale composite material systems consisting of energetic crystals, amorphous particles, binders, and additives whose response to mechanical, thermal, or electromagnetic insults is often controlled by submicrometer-scale heterogeneities and interfaces. Several advanced dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques, including phase imaging, force volume mode, and Kelvin probe force microscopy with resonance enhancement for dielectric property mapping, have been used to map the local physical properties of mock explosive materials systems, allowing the identification of submicrometer heterogeneities in electrical and mechanical properties that could lead to the formation of hotspots under electromagnetic or mechanical stimuli. The physical interpretation of the property maps and the methods of image formation are presented. Possible interpretations of the results and future applications to energetic material systems are also discussed.

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Fractal Analysis of TATB‐Based Explosive AFM Morphology at Different Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

In-Situ X-ray Tomography Observation of Structure Evolution in 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Based Polymer Bonded Explosive (TATB-PBX) under Thermo-Mechanical Loading

In-Situ X-ray Tomography Observation of Structure Evolution in 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Based Polymer Bonded Explosive (TATB-PBX) under Thermo-Mechanical Loading

Atomic force microscopy in vitro study of surface roughness and fractal character of a dental restoration composite after air-polishing

Nanoscale Characterization of Mock Explosive Materials Using Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy Methods

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