Fractal analysis of the ground-recorded ULF magnetic fields prior to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M W = 9): discriminating possible earthquake precursors from space-sourced disturbances

Potirakis, Stelios M.; Hayakawa, Masashi; Schekotov, A.

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2558-8

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…On the other hand, the Earth's crust is a complex self-organizing system, which is composed of multiple physical processes that interact between individuals to give rise to the overall state of the Earth as an entirety (Rundle et al, 2000;Turcotte, 1992). Hence, the fractal behaviors in seismicity and electromagnetic data can be observed (Chen et al, 2006;Potirakis et al, 2017). Also, the fractal behaviors are affected by crustal deformations (Öncel & Wilson, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That Earth's crust was observed to exhibit fractal behaviors in mechanical and electromagnetic ways (Chen et al, ; Potirakis et al, ). Hence, we paid attention to study the relationship between the scaling factors of the seismicity and SP data.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the SP signals are reported to behave as 1/ f β noises (Balasco et al, ; Ramírez‐Rojas et al, ). The Earth's crust is regarded as a self‐organized critical system (Rundle et al, , and references cited therein), exhibiting the fractal behaviors in mechanical and electromagnetic ways (Chen et al, ; Potirakis et al, ; Sornette & Sornette, ). Furthermore, crustal deformations are also suggested to affect the fractal behaviors (Öncel & Wilson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐Potential Ambient Noise and Spectral Relationship With Urbanization, Seismicity, and Strain Rate Revealed via the Taiwan Geoelectric Monitoring Network

Chen

Chiu

et al. 2020

JGR Solid Earth

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Geoelectric self-potential (SP) signals are sensitive to natural and anthropogenic factors. The SP spectral characteristics under the different factors in Taiwan were investigated, and the SP spectral scalings were correlated with urbanization level, seismicity, and crustal deformation. The ambient SP noise models were first established by estimating the probability density functions of the spectrograms at each frequency. The effects of the natural and anthropogenic factors on the SP signals are understood by comparing the SP noise models under various conditions, such as precipitation, urbanization, and electric trains. Results show that the SP signals in areas of high industrialization and human activity and areas close to train stations behave as white noises and exhibit a distinct spectral ripple at frequencies around 1 Hz. On the other hand, the SP spectral power law parameters, Gutenberg-Richter b values, and dilation strain rates were estimated by using the SP, earthquake catalog, and GPS data, respectively, during 2012-2017. By investigating the correlations of the SP spectral parameters with the Gutenberg-Richter b value, dilation strain rates, and urbanization level, the SP optimal frequency band is found between 0.006 and 1 Hz due to the high correlation between the SP and seismicity data and between the SP and dilation data and the low correlation between the SP and urbanization data. Hence, this study may help the filtering and screening of the SP data and facilitate the understanding of the mechano-electric behavior in the crust.Plain Language Summary Self-potential is a naturally electric potential difference beneath the Earth's surface, measured between any two points on the ground or in boreholes. The selfpotential signals are sensitive to natural factors, such as ionospheric disturbance, solar wind, and tidal forces, and to artificial factors, such as electric trains, factories, and power pipelines. Hence, the investigation of the background noises is critical. The self-potential noise models were established by estimating the probability density functions of the daily power spectral densities. We compared the noise models under several conditions, such as urbanization, electric trains, and rainfalls. We found that the noise models behave as white noises in areas of high industrialization and human activity. Furthermore, we also estimated the self-potential power law parameters, seismic b values, and dilation strain rates. We then studied correlations of the self-potential power law parameters with the urbanization levels, b values, and dilation strain rates. We found out the frequency-dependent correlations of the spectral scalings with the other parameters and determined the self-potential signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio in the frequency band of 0.006-1 Hz. Understanding such correlations may understand the feature of the mechano-electric behavior in the crust and facilitate the development of a seismic-electric theory.Key Points:• Self-potential (SP) signals show white noises or spe...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐Potential Ambient Noise and Spectral Relationship With Urbanization, Seismicity, and Strain Rate Revealed via the Taiwan Geoelectric Monitoring Network

Chen

Chiu

et al. 2020

JGR Solid Earth

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“…With the expansion of construction scale on coral reefs recent years, the seismic safety of coral reefs has attracted considerable attention [6][7][8][9]. Historically, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake struck Guam in the Pacific Ocean on August 8, 1993, which caused severe liquefaction of coral sandy sites in dredger fills and lake sediments [10]. Large-scale liquefaction of coral sand also occurred in the Hawaii earthquake in 2006 and Haiti earthquake in 2010, which caused irreparable losses to local infrastructure and people's lives and property [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Seismic Response of Pile Group Foundation in Coral Sand and Fujian Sand

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2020

JMSE

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The physical and mechanical properties of coral sand are quite different from those of common terrestrial sands due to the special marine biogenesis. Shaking table tests of three-story structures with nine-pile foundation in coral sand and Fujian sand were carried out in order to study the dynamic response characteristics of pile-soil-structure system in coral sand under earthquake. The influence of shaking intensity on the dynamic response of the system was taken into consideration. The results indicated that the peak value of the excess pore pressure ratio of coral sand was smaller than that of Fujian sand under two kinds of shaking intensities; moreover, the development speed of excess pore pressure ratio of coral sand was smaller than that of Fujian sand. The liquefaction of coral sand was more difficult than Fujian sand under the same relative density and similar grain-size distribution. The horizontal displacement, settlement, column bending moment, and pile bending moment of coral sand were smaller than those of Fujian sand, respectively. The magnification effect of column bending moment of buildings in coral sand was less than that in Fujian sand with increasing shaking intensity. This study can provide some supports for the seismic design of coral reef projects.

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“…A number of investigations attempting to relate the magnetic field to seismic events have emerged over the past few years, (e.g., Park, 1996;Surkov et al, 2003;Johnston et al, 2006;Balasis and Mandea, 2007;Sgrigna et al, 2007;Saradjian and Akhoondzadeh, 2011;Varotsos et al, 2011;De Santis, 2014, 2017Donner et al, 2015;Schekotov and Hayakawa, 2015;Daneshvar and Freund, 2017;Cordaro et al, 2018Cordaro et al, , 2019Marchetti and Akhoondzadeh, 2018;Pulinets et al, 2018; among others). However, there is still no unified causal mechanism that is widely accepted and that may account for the physics of all these observations prior to or during the occurrence of an earthquake (Hough, 2010), although the laboratory evidence shows the possibility of an increase in the conductivity of rocks when subjected to stress changes, through either microcracks or chemical imperfections (Freund, 2003;Anastasiadis et al, 2004;Cartwright-Taylor et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and upgrade of the lithospheric dynamics in context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

Venegas-Aravena

Cordaro

Laroze

2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This publication highlights theoretical work that could explain five different empirical observations indicating a direct relationship between magnetic fields and earthquakes, which would allow the description of a causal mechanism prior to and during the occurrence of earthquakes. These theoretical calculations seek to elucidate the role of the magnetic field in different aspects of solid Earth dynamics, with an interest in the study and comprehension of the physics that could generate earthquakes accompanied by simultaneous magnetic signals within the lithosphere. The motion of charged edge dislocations (MCD) model and its correlation with the magnetic field have been used in order to include the generation of electric currents. The electric currents resulting from stress variation in the lithosphere help us to analyze the lithosphere as a critical system, before and after the occurrence of earthquakes, by using the concept of earthquake entropy. Where it is found that the nonexistence of seismic and magnetic precursors could be interpreted as a violation of the second law of thermodynamics. In addition, the seismic moment and the moment magnitude of some great earthquakes are quite accurately calculated using the coseismic magnetic field. The distance-dependent coseismic magnetic field has been theorized for some of the largest recorded earthquakes. The frequency of oscillation of the Earth's magnetic field that could be associated with earthquakes is calculated and is consistent with the ultra-low-frequency (ULF) signals that some authors propose in the so-called “LAIC effect” (lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling). Finally, the location and dimensions of the microcracks that explain some anomalous magnetic measurements are shown.

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Fractal analysis of the ground-recorded ULF magnetic fields prior to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M W = 9): discriminating possible earthquake precursors from space-sourced disturbances

Cited by 25 publications

References 70 publications

Self‐Potential Ambient Noise and Spectral Relationship With Urbanization, Seismicity, and Strain Rate Revealed via the Taiwan Geoelectric Monitoring Network

Self‐Potential Ambient Noise and Spectral Relationship With Urbanization, Seismicity, and Strain Rate Revealed via the Taiwan Geoelectric Monitoring Network

Comparative Study on Seismic Response of Pile Group Foundation in Coral Sand and Fujian Sand

A review and upgrade of the lithospheric dynamics in context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory

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