Fractals in Clinical Hemodynamics

Buchman, Timothy G.

doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31826a4d49

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This is due to its complex topology, subtle changes in which are virtually undetectable without the use of fractal tools. Examples of other cardiovascular structures or phenomena with similar geometric properties that have been analyzed via fractal geometry include the lung (Buchman 2012 ; Copley et al 2012 ), arterial branching (Bui et al 2009 ; Moledina et al 2011 ; Nakamura et al 2011 ), and myocardial perfusion (Bassingthwaighte et al 1989 ). “Fractal” surfaces in this context are smooth at the scale range of <1 mm, but appear rough without well-defined structure in the 10–100 mm scale range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying left ventricular trabeculae function - application of image-based fractal analysis

Moore

Dasi

2013

Physiol Rep

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The ventricular-blood interface is geometrically complex due to the presence of ventricular trabeculae carneae (VTC). We introduce a new image-based framework to quantify VTC function using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging and offer new insights into the active role of VTCs during ejection. High-resolution Cine CT scans of a patient with normal cardiac function were acquired at a resolution of 0.77 mm per pixel at 10 phases of the cardiac cycle. The images were segmented and the VTC surface was obtained by triangulating the segmented data. Fractal dimension of the VTC surface was calculated for each cardiac phase as a function of scale size using the box-counting algorithm. The fractal dimension, D corresponding to VTCs ranged between 2.05 and 2.2 and varied as a function of time during the cardiac cycle. Fractal dimension is highest at diastole and lowest at peak systole with the change being significantly different (P < 0.003). This variation of D when plotted against stroke volume (i.e., D-V loop) revealed an active VTC role due to hysteresis in the loop. Physically the hysteresis in the D-V loop indicates a new mechanical function of VTCs as structures that provide mechanical leverage during early systolic ejection through contraction. VTC relaxation is noted to occur during late diastole at larger ventricular volume. D-V loop of VTCs quantifies VTC function. A new dynamic physical role of VTCs is suggested by way of mechanical leverage, as opposed to the traditionally accepted passive role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying left ventricular trabeculae function - application of image-based fractal analysis

Moore

Dasi

2013

Physiol Rep

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“…These fractal patterns are robust in healthy physiological systems but are significantly disrupted or abolished in degraded systems that are more vulnerable to catastrophic events and less adaptable to perturbations. Application of fractal analysis may provide new approaches to assessing cardiac risk and prognosis 8 9 10 11 12 13 . Therefore, it is believed that fractal is a hallmark of health physiological systems and that the underlying mechanisms of fractal regulation are of great interests but yet to be elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Probing the Fractal Pattern of Heartbeats in Drosophila Pupae by Visible Optical Recording System

Lin

Chang

Cheng

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Judiciously tuning heart rates is critical for regular cardiovascular function. The fractal pattern of heartbeats — a multiscale regulation in instantaneous fluctuations — is well known for vertebrates. The most primitive heart system of the Drosophila provides a useful model to understand the evolutional origin of such a fractal pattern as well as the alterations of fractal pattern during diseased statuses. We developed a non-invasive visible optical heart rate recording system especially suitable for long-term recording by using principal component analysis (PCA) instead of fluorescence recording system to avoid the confounding effect from intense light irradiation. To deplete intracellular Ca2+ levels, the expression of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) was tissue-specifically knocked down. The SERCA group shows longer heart beat intervals (Mean ± SD: 1009.7 ± 151.6 ms) as compared to the control group (545.5 ± 45.4 ms, p < 0.001). The multiscale correlation of SERCA group (scaling exponent: 0.77 ± 0.07), on the other hand, is weaker than that of the control Drosophila (scaling exponent: 0.85 ± 0.03) (p = 0.016).

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Fractals in Clinical Hemodynamics

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Quantifying left ventricular trabeculae function - application of image-based fractal analysis

Quantifying left ventricular trabeculae function - application of image-based fractal analysis

Probing the Fractal Pattern of Heartbeats in Drosophila Pupae by Visible Optical Recording System

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