Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals and trace elements in sediments of Lake Uluabat

Abstract

To examine the status and risk of heavy metal pollution, the distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in the sediment of Lake Uluabat was characterized. The present study used a four-stage method to assess the ecotoxicological effects of the heavy metal and trace elements fractions in the sediment of Lake Uluabat. Total Cr and Ni concentrations in the sediment were determined to have exceeded the severe effect level (SEL) limit values. The percentages of the variable fractions of Cr and Ni were below 10%. Because of this reason, they were not defined to have a high risk. The relationships among the physicochemical parameters, heavy metals and trace elements in water and sediment were determined statistically. Pb, Cd, and As in the water were found in relation with some of the fractions. Moreover, it was thought that the amounts of the elements of As releasing into the water might be increased due to their relations with the physicochemical parameters.

Application of pollution indices to quantify the pollution status of shallow sediments of the Bolgoda Lake, Sri Lanka

“…But at higher concentrations heavy metals are pollutants of high environmental concern because they are non degradable, toxic and persistent in the aquatic environment. Unacceptably high concentrations of heavy metals in the aquatic environment can cause serious ecological changes in the environment (Jumbe & Nandini, 2009; Katip et al, 2012). In the aquatic environment, heavy metals are distributed between the dissolved phase, colloids, suspended matter and the sedimentary phases.…”

“…In the aquatic environment, heavy metals are distributed between the dissolved phase, colloids, suspended matter and the sedimentary phases. Sediments have a high storage capacity for contaminants (Katip et al, 2012). Therefore, sediments may act as sinks and sources of pollutants to the overlying water column and biota.…”

Research on the Non-Point Pollution Loads in the Lake Uluabat Basin

“…This situation depreciates the lake's water quality and impacts its trophic level [12,13]. Apart from this, heavy metal pollution has been detected in the lake's water and sediments in recent researches [14][15][16], the primary reason of which is thought to be the point discharge resulting from untreated industrial waste water.…”

“…The water samples derived from Lake Uluabat in order to find out its water quality were taken on monthly basis for a period of one year between May 2008 and May 2009 at 8 measurement stations on the lake which were chosen by taking into consideration of distance to pollutant sources, variable depth levels and hydrodynamic characteristics [15,17]. Lake Uluabat and sampling stations are illustrated in Figure 1(b).…”

The role of different kinds of particles on heavy metals in Lake Uluabat sediments

“…Biogenic particles (algal material, terrestrial plants), domestic and industrial wastewater, iron and manganese oxides, and the percentage of calcium carbonate affect the sediment structure (Sigg et al, 1987;Suneela et al, 2008;Katip et al, 2012a;Karaer et al, 2015); the distribution of bioactive trace metals is controlled by water circulation, biological removal, and external input. Bioactive trace metals, such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in surface water are required by phytoplankton for various metabolic functions (Bruland et al, 1991;Fujishima et al, 2001;Morel and Price, 2003;Ezoe et al, 2004).…”