Fractional boundary charges with quantized slopes in interacting one- and two-dimensional systems

Abstract

We study fractional boundary charges (FBCs) for two classes of strongly interacting systems. First, we study strongly interacting nanowires subjected to a periodic potential with a period that is a rational fraction of the Fermi wavelength. For sufficiently strong interactions, the periodic potential leads to the opening of a charge density wave gap at the Fermi level. The FBC then depends linearly on the phase offset of the potential with a quantized slope determined by the period. Furthermore, different possible values for the FBC at a fixed phase offset label different degenerate ground states of the system that cannot be connected adiabatically. Next, we turn to the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at odd filling factors ν = 1/(2l + 1), where l is an integer. For a Corbino disk threaded by an external flux, we find that the FBC depends linearly on the flux with a quantized slope that is determined by the filling factor. Again, the FBC has 2l + 1 different branches that cannot be connected adiabatically, reflecting the (2l + 1)-fold degeneracy of the ground state. These results allow for several promising and strikingly simple ways to probe strongly interacting phases via boundary charge measurements.

Universal properties of boundary and interface charges in multichannel one-dimensional models without symmetry constraints

“…from the valence band by emerging interface localized states. It is entirely given by the contribution (38), which is alternatively represented by…”

“…A new topological invariant underpinning the universal behavior of the boundary charge upon continuous shifting of the lattice towards the boundary was introduced [10,32]. It was shown, that the boundary charge Q B is connected to universal long-wavelength properties of topological insulators, making the study of the boundary charge an invaluable tool for the characterization of TIs beyond symmetry constraints [10,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”