In this paper, the fractional calculus is introduced into a simplest memristive circuit to construct a new four-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system. Combining conformable differential definition and Adomian decomposition method (ADM) algorithm is used to solve the numerical solution of the system. The attractor coexistence of the fractional-order system is investigated from the attractor phase diagram, coexistence bifurcation model, coexistence Lyapunov exponent spectrum and attractor basin. In addition, the hardware circuit of the system is implemented on the DSP platform. The simulation results show that the fractional-order chaotic system exhibits rich dynamic characteristics. In particular, the initial value of the system could control the offset, amplitude and frequency of the attractor better, and increase the complexity and randomness of the chaotic sequences. The research provides theoretical basis and guidance for the applications of fractional-order chaotic system.