Fractional Quantum Hall States of Photons in an Array of Dissipative Coupled Cavities

Umucalılar, R. O.; Carusotto, Iacopo

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.206809

Cited by 182 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The topological phases of interacting photons [78][79][80] could be explored by considering nonlinearity [81] and entanglement. Various topologically-protected interfacial states between different topological mirrors will be studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological photonics

2014

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The application of topology, the mathematics studying conserved properties through continuous deformations, is creating new opportunities within photonics, bringing with it theoretical discoveries and a wealth of potential applications. This field was inspired by the discovery of topological insulators, in which interfacial electrons transport without dissipation even in the presence of impurities. Similarly, the use of carefully-designed wave-vector space topologies allows the creation of interfaces that support new states of light with useful and interesting properties. In particular, it suggests the realization of unidirectional waveguides that allow light to flow around large imperfections without back-reflection. The present review explains the underlying principles and highlights how topological effects can be realized in photonic crystals, coupled resonators, metamaterials and quasicrystals.Frequency, wavevector, polarization and phase are degrees of freedom that are often used to describe a photonic system. In the last few years, topology -a property of a photonic material that characterizes the quantized global behavior of the wavefunctions on its entire dispersion band-has been emerging as another indispensable ingredient, opening a path forward to the discovery of fundamentally new states of light and possibly revolutionary applications. Possible practical applications of topological photonics include photonic circuitry less dependent on isolators and slow light insensitive to disorder.Topological ideas in photonics branch from exciting developments in solid-state materials, along with the discovery of new phases of matter called topological insulators [1, 2]. Topological insulators, being insulating in their bulk, conduct electricity on their surfaces without dissipation or backscattering, even in the presence of large impurities. The first example was the integer quantum Hall effect, discovered in 1980. In quantum Hall states, two-dimensional (2D) electrons in a uniform magnetic field form quantized cyclotron orbits of discrete eigenvalues called Landau levels. When the electron energy sits within the energy gap between the Landau levels, the measured edge conductance remains constant within the accuracy of about one part in a billion, regardless of sample details like size, composition and impurity levels. In 1988, Haldane proposed a theoretical model to achieve the same phenomenon but in a periodic system without Landau levels [3], the so-called quantum anomalous Hall effect.Posted on arXiv in 2005, Haldane and Raghu transcribed the key feature of this electronic model into photonics [4,5]. They theoretically proposed the photonic analogue of the quantum (anomalous) Hall effect in photonic crystals [6], the periodic variation of optical materials, molding photons the same way as solids modulating electrons. Three years later, the idea was confirmed by Wang et al., who provided realistic material designs [7] and experimental observations [8]. Those studies spurred numerous subsequent theoretical [9...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological photonics

2014

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“…As compared with our previous coherent pumping proposal [11], it is useful to note how pumping to the Nparticle Laughlin state occurs here via a sequence of resonant intermediate states belonging to the N < N particle Laughlin manifold, while the spectral separation of the interacting excited states guarantees that their actual population is strongly suppressed. As a result, the peculiar quantum correlations of the final non-interacting Laughlin state are progressively built by adding one particle at a time.…”

Section: B Losses and Incoherent Pumpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous works have focused on coherent drive mechanisms [11][12][13], which look like a very simple and promising strategy to create Laughlin states of few photons. However, the efficiency of this approach is expected to quickly decrease for larger photon numbers as they employ multi-photon transitions with low probabilities and generally lead to a superposition of states with different particle numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and spectroscopic signatures of a fractional quantum Hall liquid of photons in an incoherently pumped optical cavity

Umucalılar

Carusotto

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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We theoretically investigate a driven-dissipative model of strongly interacting photons in a nonlinear optical cavity in the presence of a synthetic magnetic field. We show the possibility of using a frequency-dependent incoherent pump to create a strongly-correlated ν = 1/2 bosonic Laughlin state of light: thanks to the incompressibility of the Laughlin state, fluctuations in the total particle number and excitation of edge modes can be tamed by imposing a suitable external potential profile for photons. We further propose angular momentum-selective spectroscopy of the emitted light as a tool to obtain unambiguous signatures of the microscopic physics of the quantum Hall liquid of light.

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“…In combination with the strong spin-dependent interactions naturally present in microcavity-polariton devices and the possibility of scaling up to lattices of arbitrary geometry [16][17][18], the realization of such a coupling in semiconductor microcavities would open the way to the simulation of many-body effects in a new quantum optical context [19]. Some examples would be the controlled nucleation of fractional topological excitations [20,21], the formation of polarization patterns [22,23], the simulation of spin models using photons [24], topological insulation [25,26], or the generation of fractional quantum Hall states for light [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Orbit Coupling for Photons and Polaritons in Microstructures

et al. 2015

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We use coupled micropillars etched out of a semiconductor microcavity to engineer a spin-orbit Hamiltonian for photons and polaritons in a microstructure. The coupling between the spin and orbital momentum arises from the polarization-dependent confinement and tunneling of photons between adjacent micropillars arranged in the form of a hexagonal photonic molecule. It results in polariton eigenstates with distinct polarization patterns, which are revealed in photoluminescence experiments in the regime of polariton condensation. Thanks to the strong polariton nonlinearities, our system provides a photonic workbench for the quantum simulation of the interplay between interactions and spin-orbit effects, particularly when extended to two-dimensional lattices.

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Fractional Quantum Hall States of Photons in an Array of Dissipative Coupled Cavities

Cited by 182 publications

References 42 publications

Topological photonics

Topological photonics

Generation and spectroscopic signatures of a fractional quantum Hall liquid of photons in an incoherently pumped optical cavity

Spin-Orbit Coupling for Photons and Polaritons in Microstructures

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