Fractionation of Bulgarian viper (Vipera ammodytes) venoms. Relation of venom content and subspecies affiliation of the snakes

Bardarov, V.; Aleksiev, B.

doi:10.1007/bf02491943

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…montandoni although the two subspecies are different. Other studies based on chromatographic analyses showed that the crude venoms of both viper subspecies contained vipoxin (Bardarov, 2002). Vipoxin is a complex of two subunits – a basic and toxic phospholipase A 2 enzyme (PLA 2 ) and an acidic non-enzymatic component (VAC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Acute toxicity of vipoxin and its components: is the acidic component an “inhibitor” of PLA2 toxicity?

Atanasov¹,

Stoykova²,

Goranova³

et al. 2012

Interdisciplinary Toxicology

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Vipoxin is a heterodimeric neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Bulgarian long-nosed viper Vipera ammodytes meridionalis. Vipoxin represents a noncovalent association of two subunits – a basic and toxic phospholipase A2 enzyme, and an acidic non-enzymatic component (vipoxin's acidic component). It was postulated that the phospholipase A2 subunit was more toxic than the whole vipoxin complex and the function of the acidic component was to reduce the enzymatic and toxic activities of the basic phospholipase A2. In the present study, we report new data on the acute toxicity (LD50) of vipoxin and its individual separated components. Vipoxin LD50 (mice, i.p. and i.v.) values were found to be 0.7–1.2 mg/kg b.w. (i.p.) and 0.9–1.3 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.). The established LD50 values for the separated pure phospholipase A2 subunit are higher – 10.0–13.0 mg/kg b.w (i.p.) and 2.2–3.0 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.), i.e. the individual phospholipase A2 subunit displays less toxic activity than vipoxin, contrary to the data published in the literature. The reconstituted vipoxin complex (obtained after preliminary incubation of pure separated phospholipase A2 and acidic component showed enzyme activity and toxicity comparable to that of the native vipoxin complex. Addition of acidic component to the phospholipase A2 subunit showed a positive effect on the enzymatic activity, reaching maximal enzyme reaction rate of acidic component to phospholipase A2 molar ratio of 0.8:1 on using 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid as substrate. For the first time we showed that the acidic subunit was absolutely required for the toxic activity of vipoxin. Based on the obtained results, we assume that the function of the acidic component is to stabilize the neurotoxin's quaternary structure, required for its toxic and enzymatic activities, similarly to the role of the acidic component of crotoxin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Acute toxicity of vipoxin and its components: is the acidic component an “inhibitor” of PLA2 toxicity?

Atanasov¹,

Stoykova²,

Goranova³

et al. 2012

Interdisciplinary Toxicology

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show abstract

“…It is already well documented that vipoxin is the main toxic factor of the Vipera ammodytes meridionalis venom (2), showing both neurotoxic action (LD 50 value of 400 µg/kg for white mice) and phospholipase activity (1). Detailed study on its chemical structure has proved the formation of an ionic complex consisting of basic and acidic subunits -toxic phospholipase A 2 and nontoxic inhibitor, respectively (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vipoxin specificity studied by gas chromatographic determination of enzymatic reaction products. Influence of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+

Atanasov

Bardarov

Aleksiev

et al. 2005

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Fractionation of Bulgarian viper (Vipera ammodytes) venoms. Relation of venom content and subspecies affiliation of the snakes

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Acute toxicity of vipoxin and its components: is the acidic component an “inhibitor” of PLA2 toxicity?

Acute toxicity of vipoxin and its components: is the acidic component an “inhibitor” of PLA2 toxicity?

Vipoxin specificity studied by gas chromatographic determination of enzymatic reaction products. Influence of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+

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