Fractionation of Boswellia serrata oleogum resin essential oil by short‐path molecular vacuum distillation: Unveiling potent biological activities and chemical composition

Abstract

Boswellia serrata produces oleo gum resin, a rich source of essential oil (EO). EOs, produced as secondary metabolites by medicinal plants, are employed for medicinal and therapeutic purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the yield, chemical composition, antioxidant (AO), antimicrobial, and hemolytic activity of B. serrata EO and its fractions and sub‐fractions (SFs). The EO was extracted using the superheated steam extraction (SHSE) method at 140°C. Short‐path molecular vacuum distillation was used to separate the EO into fractions and SFs. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed α‐pinene, α‐thujene, trans verbenol, and linalool as major components of EO. The AO potential was evaluated using a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay, % inhibition in a linoleic acid assay, H2O2 scavenging assay, and total AO content (TAOC) using a ferric reducing AO power assay. F2b SF exhibited the highest scavenging activity, with percentages of 95.77%, 96.20%, and 83.54%, respectively, whereas EO revealed the highest TAOC value of 115.94%. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion, resazurin microtiter plate, and microdilution broth assays. F1c SF showed maximum antibacterial potential (high inhibition zone 17.65–38.28 mm and low minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 2.20–84.44 µg/mL). The EO showed the highest antifungal activity (high inhibition zone 12.58–25.81 mm and low MIC 35.18–225.17 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity was assessed by hemolytic assay, with the F1c SF showing the highest activity at 10.89%. It is concluded that SHSE is an effective technique for B. serrata EO extraction, and this EO can be utilized for various medicinal purposes.