Fractionation of Immune Ribonucleic Acid Capable of Inducing Immunologic Memory

Mikami, Hirokazu; Kurashige, Satonori; Kawakami, Michiyuki; Mitsuhashi, Susumu

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1972.tb00643.x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since many of these functional activities require increased protein synthesis, it is very likely that cellular RNA content could be used as a parameter t o identify cells with increased functional capacities. R N A synthesized by macrophages, has been implicated in enhancement of macrophage phagocytjc and bactericidal activities associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity [9] and antigen processing [ 101.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytofluorometric analysis of macrophages activated in vivo or in vitro

Stadler

Weck

1978

Eur J Immunol

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The relative RNA content of single macrophages was measured by cytofluorometry after differential staining of cellular DNA and RNA with the metachromatic fluorescent dye acridine orange. This method allowed the differentiation of two major groups in the adherent macrophage population differing in their RNA content. After in vivo stimulation of mice (by injection of thioglycollate medium) or guinea pigs (by injection of oil), an increasing percentage of macrophages possessing a high RNA content is recovered. In vitro stimulation of macrophage cultures with lipopolysaccharide had the same enhancing effect on cellular RNA content. Cytofluorometric measurement of RNA content may possibly become an efficient and rapid method of measuring macrophage activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytofluorometric analysis of macrophages activated in vivo or in vitro

Stadler

Weck

1978

Eur J Immunol

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“…The ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesized by macrophages has been implicated in enhancement of macrophage phagocytic and bactericidal activities associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity (11) and in antigen processing (5). Synthesis of RNA in these nonproliferating cells can be studied by procedures used with transformed cells (2,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ribonucleic acid synthesis in normal and immune macrophages after antigenic stimulus

Soderberg¹,

Tewari²,

Solotorovsky³

1976

Infect Immun

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Macrophage ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis is an important metabolic process intimately related to the function of these cells. Mouse peritoneal macrophage RNA was extracted with phenol in the presence of bentonite and electrophoresed on composite agarose-polyacrylamide gels. The pulse-chase technique was used to follow the precursor relationships in macrophage ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation. The rRNA species at 18S and 28S appeared at 15 and 45 min, respectively, after RNA synthesis was halted. Their appearance corresponded closely to decreases in the rRNA precursors at 45S, 36S, and 34S. Studies of RNA methylation aided in confirming the identity of these ribosomal species. Unmethylated RNA species appeared as messenger RNA between 5S and 15S, and at about 55S probably represented heterodisperse nuclear RNA. When normal macrophages were incubated with heat-killed Salmonella enteritidis, an acceleration in the maturation of RNA was observed. The accelerated maturation was indicated by the earlier appearance of 28S rRNA and the more rapid development of an equilibrium state, where further labeling did not change the RNA profile. In macrophage RNA from mice immunized with S. enteritidis, rRNA species appeared rapidly but did not accumulate to the same extent as observed for normal macrophages. Precursor rRNA and other RNA species developed as usual, suggesting specific degradation of mature rRNA. Such rRNA wastage could indicate a mechanism controlling ribosome assembly in the non-proliferating activated macrophage. The pattern of RNA synthesis in immune macrophages was essentially unchanged by the presence of heat-killed S. enteritidis in vitro.

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Ribonucleic acid in the immune response

et al. 1978

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In the studies of experimental salmonellosis, immunization of mice with a live vaccine SER of S. enteritidis was found to be effective against further infection with virulent S. enteritidis 116--54. Macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity, subcutaneous tissue or liver of immunized mice inhibited intracellular growth of bacteria and resisted cell degeneration caused by engulfment of virulent 116--54 bacteria. This immunity was called cellular immunity. We discovered by chance in 1961 a transfer agent of immunity (TA) from the culture fluid of immunized macrophages. This agent is RNA in nature and can be extracted from the spleen, peritoneal exudate cells or the lymph node of immunized animals and is called immune (i) RNA. We could demonstrate antibody activity in macrophages treated in vitro or in vivo with iRNA by the immune adherence hemagglutination technique. Cellulr immunity against tumor cells could be transferred in vitro or in vivo to lymphocytes through iRNA prepared from the spleen cells of syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic animals immunized with the tumor cells. We prepared iRNA against antigens capable of inducing humoral antibody production in animals, i.e., RBCs, bacterial toxin, bacterial flagella and hapten-protein conjugates. Serum antibody was not demonstrated in recipient animals of iRNA's by single or repeated injections of these agents. However, in these animals an increase in the number of specific antibody-carrying cells was found as rosette-formers. It was found further that prior injection of iRNA could induce immunologic memory and produced a high titer of humoral antibody after a boosting stimulation with a small dose of the corresponding antigen. The required interval between the first iRNA and the second antigenic stimulation, and the minimal effective doses of iRNA and antigen are described. We studied the interaction of iRNA with either T- or B-cells and with both cells using adoptive transfer system, athymic nude mice and neonatally thymectomized (NT) mice. Immune rna's against T-dependent and T-independent antigens could not induce the proliferation of antibody-carrying cells in cyclophosphamide-treated (B-cell depleted) mice. But these agents could induce the proliferation of rosette-formers, implying that iRNA's can replace some role of T-cells even against T dependent antigens. B-cells can be directly activated by treatment with iRNA against both T-dependent and T-independnet antigens, and they differentiated into rosette-formers. Passive transfers of iRNA were successful in establishing immunity against infection with S. enteritidis, or immunity to Salmonella flagella, RBCs and hapten-protein conjugates. The ability of iRNA to confer a secondary response of antibody formation is serially and passively transmissible in recipient animals. These facts suggest the presence of some mechanism that is responsible for the amplification of antigenic stimulation in the immune response...

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Fractionation of Immune Ribonucleic Acid Capable of Inducing Immunologic Memory

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Cytofluorometric analysis of macrophages activated in vivo or in vitro

Cytofluorometric analysis of macrophages activated in vivo or in vitro

Ribonucleic acid synthesis in normal and immune macrophages after antigenic stimulus

Ribonucleic acid in the immune response

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