Fractionation of plutonium in environmental and bio-shielding concrete samples using dynamic sequential extraction

Sequential Extraction of 239+240Pu and the Vertical Distribution of 239+240Pu, 137Cs, and Heavy Metals in Chang-Bai Mountains’ Grassland Soil

“…Moreover, N-containing carboxyl aliphatic and/or alicyclic molecules (CCAM) and Fe oxide in the Nagasaki sediment were thought to have a strong preservation effect on 239+240 Pu . Considering that the Mn oxide is the primary form of manganese in most soil and Mn has a similar chemical state to Fe in the environment, we believe that the reducible fraction in soil should include the Mn oxide and Fe oxide. − A more direct proof was that DPO was a stable complexing agent for 239+240 Pu, and the hydroxamic acid was the most effective complexing agent for 239+240 Pu migration . DFO can be considered as a subclass of the CCAM; both of them belong to the organic matter.…”

“…The sequential extraction method (Figure ) of 239+240 Pu was used to separate soil into different fractions for the study of the dominant factors, which hindered 239+240 Pu migration in soil. ,,,, NH 2 OHCl was used to reduce/dissolve the Fe/Mn-oxides fraction, as well as Pu in the NOM Fe/Mn‑oxide fraction was obtained after separating the supernatant solutions. H 2 O 2 was used to oxidize other organic matter fractions.…”

“…The Mn oxide is not considered under the strong reducing conditions of the deep sediment of Nagasaki, which is not in agreement with most of the soil or sediment. Some researchers believe that the Fe/Mn oxides are a reducible fraction, which affect the vertical distribution of Pu. − However, there are fewer studies on the major fractions of soil that affect the diffusion of 239+240 Pu in China soil. In this study, the sequential extraction methods were used to study the main soil fraction which influenced the migration of 239+240 Pu.…”

“…In the recent studies, the N-containing carboxyl aliphatic and/or alicyclic molecules (CCAMs) were found to have a strong adsorption capacity for 239+240 Pu in the sediment. , Among them, the hydroxamate desferrioxamine (DFO) is seen to have a strong conditional stability constant (30.8) with 239+240 Pu in the sediment. , Researchers can use sequential extraction methods to classify Pu in soils in the three fractions of Fe/Mn oxides and their associated organic matter (NOM Fe/Mn‑oxides ) fraction, other organic matter fraction, and residual fraction, respectively. ,,− Lin et al found that 239+240 Pu in the sediments of Nagasaki was mainly adsorbed by the Fe oxide and its associated organic matter (NOM Fe‑oxide ) fraction of the sediment. The Mn oxide is not considered under the strong reducing conditions of the deep sediment of Nagasaki, which is not in agreement with most of the soil or sediment.…”

On the application of ICP-MS techniques for measuring uranium and plutonium: a Nordic inter-laboratory comparison exercise

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Many researchers have applied ICP-MS for the determination of uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) isotopes, because of its relatively high sensitivity and high sample throughput due to the short measurement time needed compared to traditional radiometric techniques. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] There are several types of ICP-MS instruments commercially available, including isotopes by one detector vs. the simultaneous measurement of isotopes at multiple detectors, respectively. Owing to its possibility of simultaneous detection, multi-collector ICP-MS is outstanding regarding expanded uncertainty of isotope ratio determination.…”