Fractionation of Stable Isotopes of Sulfur by Microorganisms and Their Role in Deposition of Native Sulfur1

Jones, Galen E.; Starkey, Robert L.

doi:10.1128/aem.5.2.111-118.1957

Cited by 49 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The bar running across the top is a temperature dependent prediction based on low temperature thermodynamic equilibrium (Farquhar et al, 2003 ). The statistical method and output are detailed in the Supplementary Material along with the compiled data ( http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1436115 ), where all compiled values are from the following sources: (Thode et al, 1951 ; Ford, 1957 ; Harrison and Thode, 1957 , 1958 ; Jones and Starkey, 1957 ; Kaplan and Rittenberg, 1964 ; Kemp and Thode, 1968 ; Krouse et al, 1968 ; Chambers et al, 1975 ; McCready, 1975 ; McCready et al, 1975 ; Smock et al, 1998 ; Bottcher et al, 1999 ; Bolliger et al, 2001 ; Detmers et al, 2001 ; Farquhar et al, 2003 ; Kleikemper et al, 2004 ; Habicht et al, 2005 ; Johnston, 2005 ; Canfield, 2006 ; Hoek et al, 2006 ; Knöller et al, 2006 ; Johnston et al, 2007 ; Mangalo et al, 2007 , 2008 ; Pallud et al, 2007 ; Davidson et al, 2009 ; Sim et al, 2011a , b , 2012 , 2013 ; Leavitt et al, 2013 , 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase

et al. 2015

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The precise interpretation of environmental sulfur isotope records requires a quantitative understanding of the biochemical controls on sulfur isotope fractionation by the principle isotope-fractionating process within the S cycle, microbial sulfate reduction (MSR). Here we provide the only direct observation of the major (34S/32S) and minor (33S/32S, 36S/32S) sulfur isotope fractionations imparted by a central enzyme in the energy metabolism of sulfate reducers, dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DsrAB). Results from in vitro sulfite reduction experiments allow us to calculate the in vitro DsrAB isotope effect in 34S/32S (hereafter, 34εDsrAB) to be 15.3 ± 2‰, 2σ. The accompanying minor isotope effect in 33S, described as 33λDsrAB, is calculated to be 0.5150 ± 0.0012, 2σ. These observations facilitate a rigorous evaluation of the isotopic fractionation associated with the dissimilatory MSR pathway, as well as of the environmental variables that govern the overall magnitude of fractionation by natural communities of sulfate reducers. The isotope effect induced by DsrAB upon sulfite reduction is a factor of 0.3–0.6 times prior indirect estimates, which have ranged from 25 to 53‰ in 34εDsrAB. The minor isotope fractionation observed from DsrAB is consistent with a kinetic or equilibrium effect. Our in vitro constraints on the magnitude of 34εDsrAB is similar to the median value of experimental observations compiled from all known published work, where 34εr−p = 16.1‰ (r–p indicates reactant vs. product, n = 648). This value closely matches those of MSR operating at high sulfate reduction rates in both laboratory chemostat experiments (34εSO4−H2S = 17.3 ± 1.5‰, 2σ) and in modern marine sediments (34εSO4−H2S = 17.3 ± 3.8‰). Targeting the direct isotopic consequences of a specific enzymatic processes is a fundamental step toward a biochemical foundation for reinterpreting the biogeochemical and geobiological sulfur isotope records in modern and ancient environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase

et al. 2015

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“…These sulphate-reducing bacteria, normally inhabiting in anoxic sediment, produce sulphide-depleted 34 S during their metabolism (Jones & Starkeyr, 1957;Harrison & Thode, 1958;Kaplan & Rittenberg 1964).…”

Section: Stable Isotope Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary map of Nile tilapia using stable isotopes in three tropical lakes, Ethiopia

Fetahi

Rothhaupt

Peeters

2017

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Comprehensive analysis of food webs requires identifying dietary sources that support the production of all major organisms within the food web/food chain. Here, we use stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ34S and δ15N) to assess the relative contribution of different basal carbon sources to the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in three tropical lakes Hawassa (also Awasa in literature), Ziway and Koka (Ethiopia). Computations were carried out with Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) model to quantify the dietary proportion of each prey for the tilapia fish. Basal food sources were distinguishable based on their δ13C, δ34S and δ15N values. In Lake Ziway, macrophytes (64%) were the dominant assimilated diet of tilapia while particulate organic matter (POM) and zooplankton contributed only 20% and 16%, respectively. In parallel, Nile tilapia in Lake Hawassa assimilated macrophytes (35%), POM (33%) and zooplankton (32%) at comparatively equal proportion. The dietary sources of the fish in Lake Koka were POM (49%) and zooplankton (51%). In contrast with earlier studies based on gut content analysis, the present results reveal that macrophytes contributed more and phytoplankton less than previously reported especially in macrophyte‐dominated lakes Ziway and Hawassa. The ecological condition of the lakes might have been predominantly accountable for the diet change of the tilapia. As dietary data are prerequisite for food web/food chain analysis and aquaculture industry, re‐evaluating the diet of aquatic organisms appear relevant.

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“…Canfield, ). Today, the most important catalyst for sulphur isotope fractionation is the sulphur metabolism of microbes, especially during, but not restricted to, the process of sulphate reduction (Jones & Starkey, ; Harrison & Thode, ; Kaplan & Rittenberg, ) which has been active since the Archean (Shen et al ., ; Shen & Buick, ; Archer & Vance, ). The following major controls on isotope fractionation during sulphate reduction can be formulated (Canfield, ): (i) when organic electron donors are used, lower specific rates of sulphate reduction lead to higher fractionations; (ii) lower fractionations (3 to 16‰; Kaplan & Rittenberg, ; Kemp & Thode, ) are achieved when H 2 is used as electron donor, particularly at low specific rates of sulphate reduction; (iii) small fractionations (<4‰) occur under sulphate‐limiting conditions ( ca 200 μM, e.g.…”

Section: Geochemical Proxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoceanographic controls on spatial redox distribution over the Yangtze Platform during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition

et al. 2015

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The Ediacaran-Cambrian interval was an eventful transitional period, when dynamic interactions between the biosphere and its physical environment allowed the Earth System to cross into a new state, characterized by the presence of metazoans, more equable climates and more expansive oxygenation of the oceans. Due to the retreat of widespread sulphidic conditions, redox-sensitive trace-metals could accumulate to a greater extent in 'black shales' deposited in localized anoxic/euxinic environments, such as highly productive ocean margins. This study investigates the concentrations of the redox-sensitive trace-metals molybdenum and vanadium in organic-rich sedimentary rocks from seven sections of the Yangtze Platform, slope and basin. Iron speciation analyses were carried out in order to distinguish oxic, anoxic-ferruginous and anoxic-sulphidic settings, while sulphur and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured to gain insight into sulphate and nitrate availability, respectively, in the context of changing redox conditions. The data herein demonstrate an overall increase in redox-sensitive trace-metal contents in black shales across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, but with marked temporal and spatial variability. Euxinia is evident in South China before 551 Ma in the Ediacaran, and again in the early Cambrian. However, some time-equivalent sections are not enriched in redox-sensitive trace-metals, and also exhibit contrasting S-isotope and N-isotope systematics. A more complex configuration of the Yangtze Platform, for example with vast intrashelf basins, together with changing (generally rising) eustatic sea-level may account for this variability. In this regard, it is proposed that a mid-depth sulphidic wedge, caused by nutrient upwelling over the south-east platform margins, migrated over time (but generally landward), leading to spatially variable redox conditions determined by sea-level, currents and bathymetric constraints. The changing extents of anoxia and euxinia appear to have limited the distribution of emerging Ediacaran and Cambrian ecosystems.

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Fractionation of Stable Isotopes of Sulfur by Microorganisms and Their Role in Deposition of Native Sulfur1

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Sulfur Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase

Sulfur Isotope Effects of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase

Dietary map of Nile tilapia using stable isotopes in three tropical lakes, Ethiopia

Palaeoceanographic controls on spatial redox distribution over the Yangtze Platform during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition

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