Fractionation of trace elements in agricultural soils using ultrasound assisted sequential extraction prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination

Matong, Joseph M.; Nyaba, Luthando; Nomngongo, Philiswa N.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.123

Cited by 90 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This indicates that cadmium in the sampling site is highly mobile and available for plant uptake. In similar studies using BCR and modified Tessier sequential extraction methods, Cd was mainly present in the mobile fractions [9,10]. This shows that Cd in the sediments poses a high risk to the local environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction

Rumah¹

2017

IJMPEM

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Abstract:Recent studies have shown that strong acid digestions for the determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments can be misleading when assessing environmental effects. Therefore, this study adopted the use of modified community bureau of reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme in order to overcome the limitation. The physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. The pH, CEC and SOM were found to be 5.90, 0.0023 cmol/kg and 99.8% respectively. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the solution were also measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Pseudo total metal content in the soil (aqua-reqia digestions) for cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper were 0.12, 0.74, 0.48, 0.26, 15.9 and 11.0 mg/kg respectively. These concentrations are within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit in agricultural soils. The heavy metals were partitioned into four fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions) in the soil using modified BCR sequential extraction. Cd, Zn and Cu were predominantly in the first two fractions, thus, mobile and bioavailable for plant uptake, while Pb, Cr and Ni were found in the last two fractions (less mobile and immobile residual fractions). Thus, Cd, Zn and Cu may pose high environmental risk. The results indicate the reliability of the Modified BCR scheme in risk assessment of heavy metals in soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction

Rumah¹

2017

IJMPEM

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“…Then, 0.5 g samples were digested in a microwave oven (Mars-5, CEM Co., Matthews, NC, USA) with an acid mixture (9 ml of 14.0 M HNO 3 , 3 ml of 11.7 M HCl, 2 ml of 23.0 M HF and 2.5 ml of 8.8 M H 2 O 2 ) and then condensed to 1-2 ml for total metal analysis on an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd., USA). The speciation of metals, including acid-soluble (F 1 ), reducible (F 2 ), oxidisable (F 3 ) and residual (F 4 ) metals, was conducted with a modified BCR [13]. Quality control was assured by using a reference material (GSS-14, from Chinese Environmental Monitoring Center) that was analysed in the same way as the samples in both duplicate and parallel.…”

Section: Pre-treatment and Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RSP, RAC and RI methods were used to assess the potential ecological risk from, and bioavailability of, heavy metals [11][12][13].…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total nitrogen and pH-controlled chemical speciation, bioavailability and ecological risk from Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the water level-fluctuating zone sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Liú²,

Lin

et al. 2017

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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We investigated the distribution and chemical speciation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the water level-fluctuating (WLF) zone of the main stream (MS) and tributaries (ZX and MX) of the Three Gorges Reservoir. We evaluated the ecological risk and pollution level from heavy metals based on the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and Ratio of Secondary Phase and Primary Phase (RSP). Our results indicated that the total and bio-available heavy metal contents were higher in the tributaries than in the MS. Moderate pollution from Cd and light pollution from Pb were observed both at the MS and ZX sites, whereas the MX site exhibited a pattern of heavy Cd pollution and light Cr and Pb pollution. In our study area, the results indicated that Cd exhibited a higher ecological risk than did the other heavy metals. Finally, the pH and nitrogen content of sediments may play a key role in controlling the amount of heavy metal bioavailability, further inducing a higher potential ecological risk.

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“…The original BCR method involves the use of numerous reagents and longer extraction times. Some researchers have tried to cut down on the number of steps of extraction procedure (Pustisek et al, 2001), others have modified some steps of the BCR method by using alternative concentrations or reagents (Wang et al, 2015;Mittermüller et al, 2016), while others have tried to couple BCR with ultrasonication (Wang et al, 2015;Matong et al, 2016) or microwave techniques (Pérez-Cid et al, 1999;Vega-Morales et al, 2013) in order to improve the extraction process. Results with varying success have been reported particularly for solid samples like soils, sewage sludge and sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from sewage sludge by modified-BCR and ultrasound assisted-modified BCR sequential extraction methods

Gwebu¹,

Tavengwa²,

Klink³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem.

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). An improvement in the amount of zinc (120.8 mg kg -1 ) and lead (98.7 mg kg -1 ) released in the reducible fraction in raw sludge samples was obtained with UA-BCR extraction. UA-BCR showed that the raw sludge contained about 17 mg kg -1 of Cd while only about 0.625 mg kg -1 was released using the modified BCR extraction. Some of the metals quantified were higher than the permissible levels, and the sludge not be used for soil enrichment. The results of this study demonstrated that the modified-BCR and the ultrasonic assisted-BCR extraction methods should be used in conjunction since one method alone might not be efficient in matrix breaking and releasing metal ions into solution. This may lead to incorrect conclusions about the presence or absence of metal ions in sewage sludge.

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Fractionation of trace elements in agricultural soils using ultrasound assisted sequential extraction prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Modified BCR Sequential Extraction

Total nitrogen and pH-controlled chemical speciation, bioavailability and ecological risk from Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the water level-fluctuating zone sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Quantification of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from sewage sludge by modified-BCR and ultrasound assisted-modified BCR sequential extraction methods

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