Fractographic characteristics of a hydrogen-charged AISI 316 type austenitic stainless steel

Hänninen, Hannu; Hakkarainen, Tero

doi:10.1007/bf02811667

Cited by 70 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Austenitic stainless steels such as type 316 steels, are known to undergo phase transformation from g ! a 0 martensite due to applied stress or hydrogen charging [8,9] and a 0 -martensite is considered to be directly related to brittle fracture [10]. Type 316 steel is also a metastable austenite and is moderately susceptible to martensite formation [11].…”

Section: Analysis Of Stabilizer's Trays and Clipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress corrosion cracking for 316 stainless steel clips in a condensate stabilizer

Alawar

Aldajah

Harhara

2011

Materials & Corrosion

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In one of the gas processing facilities in Abu Dhabi, UAE; a case of 316L stainless steel material failure occurred in the fractionating column due to stress cracking corrosion twice in a cycle of less than 2 years. This paper studies the stress corrosion cracking behavior of the 316L stainless steel in an accelerated corrosion environment and compares it with a higher corrosion resistant nickel alloy (Inconel 625). The experimental work was designed according to ASTM G36 standard, the samples were immersed in a boiling magnesium chloride medium which provided the accelerated corrosion environment and the tested samples were shaped into U-bend specimens as they underwent both plastic and elastic stresses. The specimens were then tested to determine the time required for cracks to initiate. The results of the experimental work showed that the main mode of failure was stress corrosion cracking initiated by the proven presence of chlorides, hydrogen sulfide, and water at elevated temperatures. Inconel 625 samples placed in the controlled environment showed better corrosion resistance as it took them an average of 56 days to initiate cracks, whereas it took an average of 24 days to initiate cracks in the stainless steel 316L samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the cracks in the stainless steel 316L samples were longer, wider, and deeper compared to the cracks of Inconel 625.

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Section: Analysis Of Stabilizer's Trays and Clipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress corrosion cracking for 316 stainless steel clips in a condensate stabilizer

Alawar

Aldajah

Harhara

2011

Materials & Corrosion

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“…In general, intergranular fracture is observed for various sensitized austenitic stainless steels. 7,9,49) For aged AISI 316 stainless steel subjected to hydrogen charging with a current density of 500 A/m 2 in H 2 SO 4 solution containing NaAsO 2 , intergranular fracture was observed by Hänninen et al, 50) although the interactions between hydrogen and the martensite transformation were not described. To our knowledge, no intergranular fracture has been observed for solution-annealed type 304 stainless steel.…”

Section: Effects Of Tensile Test Temperature On Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Dynamic Interactions between Hydrogen and Strain-induced Martensite Transformation in Hydrogen Embrittlement of Type 304 Stainless Steel

2015

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The role of the dynamic interactions between hydrogen and the strain-induced martensite transformation in the hydrogen embrittlement of type 304 stainless steel has been investigated by fractographic observations after a modified hydrogen charging. The modified charging is cathodically conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution at 80°C under aerated conditions while preventing the dissolution of chlorine and oxygen gases evolving on the platinum counter electrode, thus increasing the amount of hydrogen thermally desorbed at low temperatures. Upon tensile testing at 160°C, plastic deformation of the austenite phase in the stainless steel occurs, but no strain-induced martensite transformation occurs. The fracture surface of the hydrogen-charged specimen exhibits the double-cup mode and consists of microscopic shallow dimples. Upon tensile testing at 25°C, the martensite transformation and plastic deformation both occur and are intricately related; a brittle area is observed on the outer part of the fracture surface that exhibits both transgranular and intergranular fracture. At −196°C, the martensite transformation increases, but the amount of plastic deformation decreases and the amount of intergranular fracture increases. It is found that, when the martensite transformation occurs before hydrogen charging, the amount of intergranular fracture decreases. Moreover, when charged hydrogen is trapped in defects in the austenite phase, the amount of intergranular fracture also decreases. The present study indicates that the dynamic interactions between hydrogen and the martensite transformation play an important role in the hydrogen embrittlement of type 304 stainless steel.

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“…8,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21] The IRHE of stable austenitic stainless steels, in which no strain-induced α' martensitic transformation occurs during deformation, can be attributed to the low stacking-fault energy of the steels, which inhibits the occurrence of cross slips and induces slip planarity. 22,23) Metastable austenitic stainless steels such as type 301, 304 and 316 stainless steels exhibit IRHE [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] as well as HGE 8,9,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][39][40][41][42][43][44]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Type 316 at Low Temperatures

Zhang

Imade

et al. 2012

ISIJ Int.

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The internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of austenitic Fe(10-20)Ni17Cr2Mo alloys based on type 316 stainless steels hydrogen-charged to around 40 mass ppm was investigated by performing tensile tests using the slow strain rate technique at temperatures from 80 to 300 K. The susceptibility to IRHE depended on the Ni content. IRHE occurred below a Ni content of 15% (Ni equivalent of 29%), increased with decreasing temperature, reached a maximum at 200 K and decreased with further decreasing temperature. Hydrogen-induced fracture due to IRHE occurred in brittle transgranular mode associated with the strain-induced α' martensite structure at temperatures from 200 to 300 K and occurred simultaneously with fracture along the prior annealed-twin boundary at 200 and 250 K, then changed to dimple rupture mode due to hydrogen localization at 150 K. IRHE was controlled by the amount of strain-induced α' martensite above 200 K, whereas it was controlled by hydrogen diffusion below 200 K.KEY WORDS: stainless steel; hydrogen embrittlement; nickel; low temperature deformation; slow strain rate technique.

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Fractographic characteristics of a hydrogen-charged AISI 316 type austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 70 publications

References 5 publications

Stress corrosion cracking for 316 stainless steel clips in a condensate stabilizer

Stress corrosion cracking for 316 stainless steel clips in a condensate stabilizer

Role of Dynamic Interactions between Hydrogen and Strain-induced Martensite Transformation in Hydrogen Embrittlement of Type 304 Stainless Steel

Internal Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Type 316 at Low Temperatures

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