Fracture behavior of a self-healing, toughened epoxy adhesive

Jin, Haiming; Miller, Gina M.; Pety, Stephen J.; Griffin, Anthony; Stradley, Dylan S.; Roach, Dennis P.; Sottos, Nancy R.; White, Scott R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.02.015

Cited by 103 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This trend was already observed in epoxy based polymers (9,10,22), adhesives (40) and woven composites (5,12,19,23), where inclusion of microcapsules always gave rise to a decrease in material attributes. Microcapsules and catalyst particles are considered as voids, creating discontinuities in the host polymer and acting as stress concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

Bolimowski¹,

Wass²,

Bond³

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Assessment of microcapsule -catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite. AbstractAutonomous self-healing in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is demonstrated using epoxy resin filled microcapsules and a solid-state catalyst. Microcapsules filled with oligomeric epoxy resin (20-450 µm) and particles of Sc(OTf) 3 are embedded in an interleave region of a unidirectional CFRP laminate and tested under mode I loading. Double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimens containing variable concentrations of microcapsules and catalyst were prepared, tested and compared to those healed by manual injection with corresponding healing resin formulation. The healing efficiency was evaluated by comparing the maximum peak load recorded on load-displacement curves for pristine and healed specimens. A 44% maximum recovery was observed for specimens containing 10wt% of solid phase catalyst and 11wt% of epoxy microcapsules. However, a significant (80%) decrease in initial strain energy release rate (G IC ) was observed for specimens with the embedded healing chemistries. Visual abstractEpoxy filled microcapsules with poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell wall after synthesis (left) and following fracture testing. 500#µm## 500#µm##

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

Bolimowski¹,

Wass²,

Bond³

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…Deuterated chloroform was used as solvent. Chemical shifts were referenced to the 1 H signal of Me 4 Si, which was used as standard. For the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) measurements a Bruker BIFLEX III TM mass spectrometer equipped with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer (Bremen, Germany) was used.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epoxy resins (EPs) are well-known for their versatile applications covering coatings, adhesives and matrices of composites [1][2][3][4]. The widespread use EPs is mostly due to their good mechanical The synthesis of the DA adduct -see the above scheme-was performed similarly to those reported in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Shape-Memory Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Based Polyurethane-Epoxy Co-networks with Diels–Alder Couplings

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The present work aimed at the preparation and investigation of different epoxypolyurethane (EP-PU) co-networks. The EP-PU co-networks were obtained by applying two different synthetic strategies, in which the coupling element, the Diels-Alder (DA) adduct, was prepared previously or formed "in situ" in the reaction between furan functionalized polyurethane and furfuryl amine-diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A oligomers (FA_DGEBA). For the synthesis of these EP-PU networks, poly(ε-caprolactone)-diol (PCD, M n = 2 kg/mol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with different molecular weights (M n = 10, 25 and 50 kg/mol) and 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) were used. The EP-PU co-networks were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (AT-FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to assess the morphology of the EP-PU samples. It was demonstrated that the stress-strain curves for the EP-PUs could be interpreted based on the Standard Linear Solid (SLS) model. The DMA traces of some EP-PUs (depending on the composition and the synthetic method) revealed a plateau-like region above the melting temperature (T m ) of PCL confirming the presence of cross-linked structure. This feature predicted shape memory (SM) behavior for these EP-PU samples. Indeed, very good shape fixity and moderate shape recovery were obtained. The shape recovery processes of these EP-PU samples were described using double exponential decay functions.

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“…Each test has several objectives: to overcome the shortcomings of others (parasite stress, edge effects), to introduce new load types (single mode or mixed modes), to test thin films or complete bonded structures, etc. [7][8][9], with the view of obtaining a criterion which allows the adhesion to be defined. This determination can be carried out in two ways: by initiating an adhesive failure or by propagating adhesive failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the 3-point bending method to study failure initiation in epoxide-aluminum joints

Sauvage

Aufray

Jeandrau

et al. 2017

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 17849 A B S T R A C TThe increasing use of adhesives in industry has boosted the search for tests which allow the adherence level to be defined. These tests, depending on the type of load, examine different stresses, failure modes and mixed modes. Furthermore, these tests can be focused either on initiation or propagation of adhesive failure. The subject of this study is the initiation of adhesive failure. The initiation of failure can be determined with the 3-point bending test. Trials of 3-point bending tests were conducted on an aluminum 2024 substrate, with two different thicknesses, in order to understand the impact of the adherend thickness. The aluminum substrate received different types of surface pre-treatment: acetone cleaning, hydrochloric acid etching or aminopropyltriethoxysilane coating. Two adhesives were used: the first one was a mixture of epoxy pre-polymer DGEBA and DETA amine, whereas the second was a commercially formulated adhesive, ELECOLIT 6604. The initiation of adhesive failure was obtained by 3-point bending test and verified with SEM analysis. The failure loads measured enabled the effect of surface treatment on adhesive failure to be revealed: the results indicate that the surface treatment with silane is the most efficient in comparison to hydrochloric acid etching and of course to the simple acetone degreasing. It was assumed that the scatter of the results obtained for each series is due to the variation of the "intrinsic" adherence between the adhesive and the substrate. Furthermore, it was noted that the failure loads for different substrate thicknesses cannot be compared due to the effect of the thickness: it was therefore not possible to simply compare results obtained for different thicknesses of the same substrate for a given substrateadhesive system. The energy approach proposed in this study makes it possible. The energy requested to initiate the adhesive failure for a given system can then be known, whatever the initial geometry of the 3-point bending test is. However, it was also shown that the thickness of the substrate must be correctly chosen. A thick substrate increases the dispersion and a thin substrate may induce local unwelcome plastic strain. In conclusion, this study allows to define an energy criteria for adhesives failure initiation.

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Fracture behavior of a self-healing, toughened epoxy adhesive

Cited by 103 publications

References 42 publications

Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Shape-Memory Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Based Polyurethane-Epoxy Co-networks with Diels–Alder Couplings

Using the 3-point bending method to study failure initiation in epoxide-aluminum joints

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