Fracture Behaviour of Ethylene Propylene Rubber for Hydrogen Gas Sealing under High Pressure Hydrogen

A Review on Applicability, Limitations, and Improvements of Polymeric Materials in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas Atmospheres

“…Depending on the respective application, these polymeric components are generally expected to expose a wide range of pressure (up to $100 MPa, static or dynamic depending on the operation) and temperature (-40 C to þ 85 C), except within compressors in which up to $ 200 C of temperatures can be expected. [20,36,[41][42][43] Table 1 summarizes the main components used in the process of hydrogen gas production until reaching the fuel cell of the FCV and suitable material grades for the respective function.…”

“…[50] Generally, elastomeric materials are widely used in sealing components and additional applications, for example, control valves, flexible hoses, and connectors, which are also directly exposed to high-pressure hydrogen in-service conditions. [20,38,51,52] Mostly, rubber O-rings are used as sealing components, with the need to deliver high endurance and seal integrity for a long duration. [53] Hydrogen gas leakage during service Figure 1.…”

“…Graphical illustration of a hydrogen gas energy system; main stages and typical applications of polymeric components. [20,33,36,[41][42][43]48] Table 1. Polymeric materials used in high-pressure hydrogen applications.…”

“…[54] In terms of mechanical damage of sealing components, the rubber sealing experiences gas permeation and dissolution, which may drive up to the swelling, buckling, and overflow fracture. [20,31,55,56] Furthermore, if the highpressure is suddenly depressurized, internal fractures within the component can be expected as the dissolved gas tends to expand and try to emit from the material. The possible blister initiation within the material can drive until the surface of the component and lead to complete failure of the component, depending on the condition.…”

Failure Analysis of the Multi-Level Series Rotary Seal Device under High-Pressure Water

“…The effects of O-ring seals on the effective area of the oiloperated pressure balance were investigated by Woo et al [16] using two-piston cylinder assemblies in the pressure range of 100 MPa to 300 MPa. Nishimura [17] conducted high-pressure (up to 70 MPa) hydrogen pressurisation-decompression cycle tests on O-rings to investigate the fracture behaviour of O-rings.…”