Fracture characteristics of different wood species under mode I loading perpendicular to the grain

Reiterer, Alexander; Sinn, Gerhard; Stanzl-Tschegg, Stefanie E.

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(01)01721-x

Cited by 104 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A similar trend is observed for the initial slope in the loaddisplacement curve indicating the stiffness of the species (not shown in Fig. 3a) (Reiterer et al 2002a). Critical stress intensity factors are generally higher for the hardwoods.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…3a show a linear dependence of K IC on the density for the RL system (K IC ∼ ρ), but if they are plotted vs. ρ 3/2 a similar good relationship Fig. 3 (a) Critical stress intensity factor K IC and (b) specific fracture energy G f of different wood species (from left to right: spruce, alder, oak, ash) (Reiterer et al 2002a) is obtained, and the results do not contradict the foam model. The differences between the different wood species (having different densities) are higher for the RL system, which results in a larger slope of the regression line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Microstructure and fracture mechanical response of wood

Stanzl-Tschegg¹

2006

Int J Fract

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Investigations on the fracture properties of wood in relation to its microstructure are reported. The inhomogeneous and hierarchical structure of wood is addressed. Wood species, the influence of orientation, the role of structural features, like rays are considered and discussed. Likewise the mode of loading, which determines the mode of fracturing, and the influence of humidity have been studied by using new fracture mechanical techniques and ways of evaluation. The specific fracture energy has been determined under crack opening conditions. In-situ loading in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), which allows observation in moistured condition, has been performed in order to investigate the mechanisms of fracturing of wood on a sub-microscopic scale. In the nanometer range, especially the influence of the microfibril angle on deformation and fracture behaviour has been studied.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Microstructure and fracture mechanical response of wood

Stanzl-Tschegg¹

2006

Int J Fract

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“…Therefore, according to several authors (Burgert and Eckstein 2001;Reiterer et al 2002b;Vasic and Smith 2002;Majano-Majano et al 2012), radial properties are significantly higher than tangential ones. This is due to anatomical features, especially the higher volume fraction of radially oriented rays leading to reinforcement in the radial direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Study of stress distribution and stress concentration factor in notched wood pieces with cohesive surfaces

et al. 2015

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In this study, the stress distribution and stress concentration factor (SCF) of a generic notched wood piece and ASTM D 143:14 notched shear block specimen were analysed. A 2D plane stress finite element model with linear elastic behaviour was assumed for the bulk material and a predefined potential crack path and cohesive behaviour of the crack surfaces were considered. Wood was considered an orthotropic material with transversal isotropy. In the notched wood pieces, the shear stress distribution along the shear plane and the SCF when varying the ratio l/t (length of the heel/depth of the notch) was obtained. The shear stress distribution is not uniform in any situation, approaching a slightly triangular shape. The shear stress concentration increases when l/t is greater and for l/t [ 8 failure occurs due to crack progression. The SCF can be brought fairly close to the natural logarithm of l/t. In the ASTM D 143:14 notched shear block specimen, shear stress distribution only remains a constant value in the central part of the shear plane, while the SCF is greater than 2.

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“…Once mobilised near the crack tip, it causes energy to be dissipated more gradually, as found for yew in both crack propagation orientations. Reiterer et al (2002) assumed that fibre bridging was more effective in spruce than in hardwoods, since spruce tracheids are longer. As yew tracheids are shorter than those of spruce, our results do not confirm this hypothesis, i.e., tracheid length alone cannot be the decisive criterion for the formation of fibre bridging.…”

Section: Characteristic Behaviour Prior To the Load Peakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture characterisation of yew (Taxus baccata L.) and spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in the radial-tangential and tangential-radial crack propagation system by a micro wedge splitting test

Keunecke¹,

Stanzl-Tschegg²,

Niemz³

2007

Holzforschung

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Common yew (Taxus baccata L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies wL.x Karst.) are gymnosperm species that differ in their microscopic structure and mechanical characteristics. Compared to spruce, the density of yew wood is high, but the modulus of elasticity is low when loaded parallel to the grain. Information about the transverse load direction is largely lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the elastic and fracture mechanical behaviour of both wood species in the radialtangential plane (crack opening mode I). For this purpose, micro wedge splitting tests were performed. Characteristic elastic and fracture parameters (initial slope, critical load, specific fracture energy) were determined. After the tests, the fracture surfaces were evaluated using microscopic methods. The results reveal clear differences between the species regarding microscopic fracture phenomena and prove that yew wood was significantly stiffer than spruce wood. We suggest that the density and the cell geometry are predominantly responsible for both elasticity and failure behaviour in the transverse direction.

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Fracture characteristics of different wood species under mode I loading perpendicular to the grain

Cited by 104 publications

References 12 publications

Microstructure and fracture mechanical response of wood

Microstructure and fracture mechanical response of wood

Study of stress distribution and stress concentration factor in notched wood pieces with cohesive surfaces

Fracture characterisation of yew (Taxus baccata L.) and spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in the radial-tangential and tangential-radial crack propagation system by a micro wedge splitting test

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