“…In their tests, the maximum hydrostatic stress beneath the contact is around s hyd E 18 kPa 4 P pAAm E 11 kPa; i.e., larger areal fraction beneath the probe experiences poroelastic suction upon unloading compared to our tests, explaining the greater dwelling-time-induced enhancement compared to ours. Since gelatin exhibits a more brittle response than polyacrylamide, 44,45 increasing contact pressures to much greater values than osmotic pressure can lead to local failure, and complicate the mechanical response at pull-off.…”
“…In their tests, the maximum hydrostatic stress beneath the contact is around s hyd E 18 kPa 4 P pAAm E 11 kPa; i.e., larger areal fraction beneath the probe experiences poroelastic suction upon unloading compared to our tests, explaining the greater dwelling-time-induced enhancement compared to ours. Since gelatin exhibits a more brittle response than polyacrylamide, 44,45 increasing contact pressures to much greater values than osmotic pressure can lead to local failure, and complicate the mechanical response at pull-off.…”
“…1 Hydrophilic polymer networks swollen by water are an important class of soft materials in medicine, food industry, structural and robotics. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Multiphasic nature of hydrogels leads to considerable variations in mechanical properties and internal stresses with changing operating conditions such as temperature, humidity and osmolarity. 10 Proper characterization of evolution of material properties 11 and internal stresses due to constrained boundaries 12 are critical in reliability and safety of hydrogels in load-bearing applications as listed in ref.…”
Hydrogels, water-saturated polymer networks find widespread use in soft robotics, biomedical, pharmaceutical and food industries. Both solid and water constituents of hydrogels are sensitive to external stimuli such as temperature,...
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