“…Not only delamination failures, but matrix crack and fiber breakage failures are also affected by changing the bending deflection, which changes in terms of energy levels and fracture toughness. 22,23,27,34 As a seen from force-displacement curves for SiO 2 nanoparticle filled and unfilled AE [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes for all energy levels, as already mentioned that SiO 2 nanoparticle addition was increased the local bending and contact stiffness of AE [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composites. When evaluated the interactions between bending stiffness connected with deflection and delamination failures, it can be considered to be a strong relationship with each other.…”
Section: Surface Failure Inspectionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…Not only delamination failures, but matrix crack and fiber breakage failures are also affected by changing the bending deflection, which changes in terms of energy levels and fracture toughness. 22,23,27,34 Figure 12.Microscope views of (a) unfilled and (b) SiO 2 nanoparticle filled unfilled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes at 5 J of energy level.Figure 13.Microscope views of (a) unfilled and (b) SiO 2 nanoparticle filled unfilled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes at 10 J of energy level.Figure 14.Microscope views of (a) unfilled and (b) SiO 2 nanoparticle filled unfilled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes at 15 J of energy level.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the impact energy level was increased, the failures of all BFR/Epoxy composites, especially delamination failure were detected to increase. 22,23,27,39 It was observed from Figures 12 to 14 that too much delamination failures of unfilled ±[55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composites were seen too much, whereas the delamination failures of SiO 2 nanoparticle filled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composites were less. Because SiO 2 nanoparticles increased the impact fracture toughness of the composite as shown in Figure 3.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The researchers concluded that the failures of debonding, delamination and fiber breakage are connected with bending rigidity. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The most intense delamination damages were observed in GFR filament wound composite tubes [20][21][22][24][25][26][27] whereas fiber breakages were dominant in CFR composites. 20,21,23 Uyaner et al 25 specified that different orientation of the winding angle of fiber bands was effective on the formation of delamination damage of composite tubes due to the change in bending rigidity.…”
Nano-microscale fracture mechanisms, which affect fracture toughness, play an important role in improving the impact characterization of fiber reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, crack behaviors are tried to be controlled with fracture mechanisms by filling nanoparticles into polymer matrix for improving impact characteristics and fracture toughness in latest studies. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of SiO2 nanoparticles addition into epoxy matrix on the low velocity impact characteristics and fracture toughness in basalt fiber reinforced filament wound composite tubes. SiO2 nanoparticle of 4% wt. filled and unfilled ± [55]6 filament wound basalt fiber reinforced/epoxy composite tubes were subjected to low velocity impact tests at 5 J, 10 J, and 15 J of energy levels. It was seen that while the addition of nanoparticles were increasing the maximum impact forces in the range of about 19%–32%, displacements and absorbed energies decreased because of the increase in the bending stiffness. Charpy impact tests were performed to three different notched arc shaped specimens for determining the impact fracture toughness. SiO2 nanoparticles increased the fracture toughness by 20%–23%. It was observed that SiO2 nanoparticles delayed the formation of failures such as debonding and delamination, and reduced the fiber breakage branching in low velocity impact tests. A liquid penetrant test was used to inspect the crack formations and progressions on the impacted surfaces of all composite tubes as practical inspection for industrial applications. It was seen that microscope and SEM analysis supported the liquid penetrant inspection, which is a non-destructive testing method.
“…Not only delamination failures, but matrix crack and fiber breakage failures are also affected by changing the bending deflection, which changes in terms of energy levels and fracture toughness. 22,23,27,34 As a seen from force-displacement curves for SiO 2 nanoparticle filled and unfilled AE [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes for all energy levels, as already mentioned that SiO 2 nanoparticle addition was increased the local bending and contact stiffness of AE [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composites. When evaluated the interactions between bending stiffness connected with deflection and delamination failures, it can be considered to be a strong relationship with each other.…”
Section: Surface Failure Inspectionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…Not only delamination failures, but matrix crack and fiber breakage failures are also affected by changing the bending deflection, which changes in terms of energy levels and fracture toughness. 22,23,27,34 Figure 12.Microscope views of (a) unfilled and (b) SiO 2 nanoparticle filled unfilled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes at 5 J of energy level.Figure 13.Microscope views of (a) unfilled and (b) SiO 2 nanoparticle filled unfilled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes at 10 J of energy level.Figure 14.Microscope views of (a) unfilled and (b) SiO 2 nanoparticle filled unfilled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composite tubes at 15 J of energy level.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the impact energy level was increased, the failures of all BFR/Epoxy composites, especially delamination failure were detected to increase. 22,23,27,39 It was observed from Figures 12 to 14 that too much delamination failures of unfilled ±[55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composites were seen too much, whereas the delamination failures of SiO 2 nanoparticle filled ± [55] 6 filament wound BFR/Epoxy composites were less. Because SiO 2 nanoparticles increased the impact fracture toughness of the composite as shown in Figure 3.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The researchers concluded that the failures of debonding, delamination and fiber breakage are connected with bending rigidity. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The most intense delamination damages were observed in GFR filament wound composite tubes [20][21][22][24][25][26][27] whereas fiber breakages were dominant in CFR composites. 20,21,23 Uyaner et al 25 specified that different orientation of the winding angle of fiber bands was effective on the formation of delamination damage of composite tubes due to the change in bending rigidity.…”
Nano-microscale fracture mechanisms, which affect fracture toughness, play an important role in improving the impact characterization of fiber reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, crack behaviors are tried to be controlled with fracture mechanisms by filling nanoparticles into polymer matrix for improving impact characteristics and fracture toughness in latest studies. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of SiO2 nanoparticles addition into epoxy matrix on the low velocity impact characteristics and fracture toughness in basalt fiber reinforced filament wound composite tubes. SiO2 nanoparticle of 4% wt. filled and unfilled ± [55]6 filament wound basalt fiber reinforced/epoxy composite tubes were subjected to low velocity impact tests at 5 J, 10 J, and 15 J of energy levels. It was seen that while the addition of nanoparticles were increasing the maximum impact forces in the range of about 19%–32%, displacements and absorbed energies decreased because of the increase in the bending stiffness. Charpy impact tests were performed to three different notched arc shaped specimens for determining the impact fracture toughness. SiO2 nanoparticles increased the fracture toughness by 20%–23%. It was observed that SiO2 nanoparticles delayed the formation of failures such as debonding and delamination, and reduced the fiber breakage branching in low velocity impact tests. A liquid penetrant test was used to inspect the crack formations and progressions on the impacted surfaces of all composite tubes as practical inspection for industrial applications. It was seen that microscope and SEM analysis supported the liquid penetrant inspection, which is a non-destructive testing method.
“…The problematicMg 17 Al 12 binary phase, usually found at grain boundaries, can be fully dissolved through appropriate thermal treatment, which should be used to precipitate hardening of the alloy. The use of numerical research with the finite element method in the design of engineering structures is very important from the point of view of the economics process as well as the design and implementation of the technology of manufacturing semifinished products [ 14 , 15 ]. Undertaking research on the numerical modelling of AZ91 magnesium alloy plastic forming is one of the initial stages in the development of a technology for manufacturing finished goods [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”
The paper presents the results of numerical modelling of the forging process of magnesium alloy ingots on a hydraulic press with the use of flat and shaped anvils. The use of shaped (rhombic-trapezoid) anvils will affect the uniform distribution of temperature and strain intensity in the entire volume of the forging, causing a number of forging passes, which in consequence will reduce the costs of the blank manufacturing process. However, higher values of the strain intensity were obtained during the deformation of the material in flat anvils. The purpose of the research was to propose assumptions for forging technology of producing a blank from AZ91 alloy with the use of flat and shaped anvils. Numerical examination for AZ91 magnesium alloy was carried out using the Forge®NxT commercial software. The rheological properties of the investigated alloy were determined on the basis of uniaxial compression tests carried out in the Gleeble 3800 metallurgical simulation system. The numerical analysis of the process of forging AZ91 alloy ingots on a press was conducted in the temperature range of 200–400 °C and at several forging passes.
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