Fracture of polymers in the visco-fluid state on stretching. Review

Malkin, A. Ya.; Vinogradov, G. V.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(85)90001-2

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Fracture in polymer liquids has been observed in extrusion processes 7,8 and in the breakage of filaments. 9,10 It should be noted that the fracture mentioned here is fundamentally different from the phenomena of flow instabilities such as necking and surface tension-driven breakup (e.g., beads-on-a-string) 11 that may be described using the basic equations of fluid mechanics and macroscopic constitutive equations. 12 "Edge fracture" in shear deformations is also a phenomenon of flow instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may happen in a fast flow with a sudden brittlelike fracture, which breaks the sample into two pieces with new smooth surfaces. [4][5][6] Malkin and co-workers 10,14,15 proposed a master curve dividing the behavior of polymer liquids into four zones by plotting the Hencky strain at the rupture as a function of stretch rate. The master curve shows that a steady state flow can be observed at very slow rates in Zone I, while necking instabilities take place at faster rates in Zones II and III.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the mechanism of fracture for entangled polymer liquids in extensional flow

Huang

2019

Physics of Fluids

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The critical strain and stress at fracture are systematically investigated for two groups of nearly monodisperse linear polystyrene liquids in an extensional flow. The samples in group I have similar number of Kuhn segments per entangled strand (Ne) but different number of entanglements per chain (Z), while the samples in group II have similar Z but different Ne. We found that the critical conditions, especially the critical stress, are independent of Z but influenced by Ne. The observations indicate that the fracture in entangled polystyrene liquids occurs at a length scale smaller than an entangled strand. Therefore, the fracture originates more likely from scission of primary bonds in polymer chains, rather than rapid entanglement slipping. The level of the critical stress also suggests that at fracture, the polymer chains approach their theoretical maximum stretch ratio, which is equal to √ Ne.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the mechanism of fracture for entangled polymer liquids in extensional flow

Huang

2019

Physics of Fluids

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“…A clear understanding of failure behavior and material cohesive strength in extensional deformation is important for material designs. In the 1970s and 80s, Vinogradov and coworkers carried out extensive studies on the failure behavior of monodisperse entangled polymer melts in uniaxial extension [Vinogradov (1975); Vinogradov et al (1975aVinogradov et al ( , 1975b; Vinogradov (1977); Vinogradov and Malkin (1980); Malkin and Vinogradov (1985)]. During the same period, the failure behavior of various commercial polydisperse polymers were also studied by several teams [Takaki and Bogue (1975); White (1977, 1978); Pearson and Connelly (1982)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic characteristics of uniaxial extension rheology: Comparing monodisperse and bidisperse polymer melts

Wang

Cheng

Wang

2011

Journal of Rheology

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We have carried out continuous and step uniaxial extension experiments on monodisperse and bidisperse styrene-butadiene random copolymers (SBR) to demonstrate that their nonlinear rheological behavior can be understood in terms of yielding through disintegration of the chain entanglement network and rubber-like rupture via non-Gaussian chain stretching leading to scission. In continuous extension, the sample with bidisperse molecular weight distribution showed greater resistance, due to double-networking, against the yielding-initiated failure. An introduction of 20 % high molecular weight (10 6 g/mol) SBR to a SBR matrix (2.4×10 5 g/mol) could postpone the onset of non-uniform extension by as much as two Hencky strain units. In step extension, the bidisperse blends were also found to be more resistant to elastic breakup than the monodisperse matrix SBR. Rupture in both monodisperse and bidisperse SBR samples occurs when the finite chain extensibility is reached at sufficiently high rates. It is important to point out here that these results along with the concept of yielding allow us to clarify the concept of strain hardening in extensional rheology of entangled polymers for the first time.

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“…Entangled polymer melts and solutions have been known for some time to fracture in a manner similar to solids when exposed to sufficiently high deformation rates. Fracture has been observed in extrusion processes 1,2 and in the breakage of filaments 3,4 . It has long been recognized that fracture is an abrupt process distinct from more smooth processes such as necking (ductile failure) and surface tension-driven breakup 5 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is a fluid mechanical phenomenon distinct from solid-like fracture. Malkin and coworkers 4,13,14 proposed a master curve dividing the behavior of polymer liquids into four zones by plotting the nominal strain at rupture ( ) as a function of stretch rate (Fig.1a). The master curve shows that steady state flow can be observed at very slow rates in Zone I only, while necking instabilities take place at faster rates in Zones II and III.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymer liquids fracture like solids

Huang

Hassager

2017

Soft Matter

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While fracture in brittle solids has been studied for centuries until today, there are few studies on fracture in polymer liquids. Recent developments in experimental techniques, especially the combination of controlled filament stretching rheometry and high speed imaging, have opened new windows into the detailed study of fracture processes for polymer liquids. High speed imaging shows that polymer liquids fracture like solids with initiation and propagation of an edge fracture. However, remarkable features such as highly reproducible critical stress, independent appearance of multiple fractures, and trumpet crack profiles, reveal mechanisms which are significantly different from solids.

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Fracture of polymers in the visco-fluid state on stretching. Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Exploring the mechanism of fracture for entangled polymer liquids in extensional flow

Exploring the mechanism of fracture for entangled polymer liquids in extensional flow

Basic characteristics of uniaxial extension rheology: Comparing monodisperse and bidisperse polymer melts

Polymer liquids fracture like solids

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