Fracture-trace influenced stream orientation in glacial drift, northwestern Pennsylvania

Cox, Jason C.; Harrison, Samuel S.

doi:10.1139/e79-135

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Junction angles were studied in flume experiments by Mosley (1976) to determine the effects of entrance angle, discharges, widths, and sediment loads on scour and fill in the channel below the confluence. Quantitative investigations of orientation of stream flow have been made by Judson and Andrews (1955), Morisawa (1963), Jarvis (1976) and Cox and Harrison (1979).…”

Section: Horton's 1945 Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morisawa¹

1990

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The influence of the Geological Society of America Bulletin on the development of quantitative geomorphology is demonstrated by three papers: Horton (1945), Mackin (1948), and Strahler (1952a), allpublished in the Bulletin. Horton (1945) advocated a move from qualitative to quantitative approaches in the study of landforms. He proposed quantitative tools and techniques by which we could analyze the landscapes around us. His paper not only stimulated statistical and mathematical approaches to geomorphic research and description but raised fundamental questions such as the randomness or determinism of surface processes. Mackin's (1948) paper was influential in the development of quantitative geomorphology because it prompted the work of Leopold and many others on the hydraulic geometry of river channels. In that paper, he also proposed several concepts fundamental to the dynamic geomorphology system of Strahler. Strahler's (1952a) paper set forth some guiding principles underlying quantitative methods of investigating landforms. He advocated the use of statistical techniques in landscape analyses of all geomorphic processes. In that paper, Strahler also integrated Mackin's (1948) concept of system and that of a dynamic equilibrium into a new "dynamic" geomorphology. These three papers were fundamental in the origin and growth of quantitative, process-oriented geomorphology. Future trends lie in the fields of environmental geomorphology, global and planetary studies, and morpho-tectonics with accent on applied problems and cooperation with other disciplines.he synthesized the scattered elements of geomorphology and made it into a coherent subject for the first time ... His aim was ... to enable the trained reader to understand the descriptions of the trained observer of landforms, as both would speak the same language and have the same concepts. To this extent he succeeded magnificently. His work has proved to be a simple and effective vehicle for teaching and it has had a profound effect on the development of geomorphology in the English-speaking world, firing the imaginations of generations of students and accounting in no small measure for the popularity of the subject as a field of study (Hart, 1986, p. 15).Overlapping in time the work of Davis, but essentially disregarded by the mainstream of geomorphic studies at the time, there appeared papers by Gilbert (1914), Rubey (1938), Hjulstrom (1935, and Bagnold (1941) 13 on June 5, 2015 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from

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Section: Horton's 1945 Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morisawa¹

1990

Centennial Articles

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Development of quantitative geomorphology

Morisawa¹

1985

Geologists and Ideas

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Despite numerous precursors, real quantification in geomorphology did not take hold until after Horton's (1945) paper outlining a new approach to the study of drainage basins. The use of quantitative methods in landform analysis has varied for different geomorphic processes. Quantitative studies in weathering have been done mostly in the fields of geochemistry, pedology, and soil mechanics. Little has been done to quantify weathering forms. Quantitative analyses on slopes and mass movements have included both processes and morphology, leading to geometric and mathematical models. In contrast, quantitative analyses of arid regions and aeolian forms and processes are immature and tentative. Although great strides have been taken in using physics and mathematics for understanding glacier flow, little has been done on morphometry of glacial landforms. Progress in quantitative coastal research has been most rapid since World War II, although the mathematical basis for understanding coastal processes was laid in the 19th century. As a result of Horton's (1945) provocative study, fluvial geommorphology has perhaps made the most advances in quantitative analyses in geomorphology. The infusion of ideas from physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, pedology, soil mechanics, hydraulics, hydrology, and geography and the application of statistics and mathematics in analysis accomplished the quantitative revolution. In addition to changing techniques of analysis, quantification has altered the fundamental approach to the study of landforms and affected basic concepts. The dynamic approach (Strahler, 1952) became focused on process and mechanics rather than history and description. Landscape units are treated as open systems in equilibrium where any change in the system causes an adjustment to offset effects of the change. Electronic instrumentation, remote sensing, and advanced methods of data processing and storage by high-tech computers will open even more vistas for exploration by quantitative geomorphologists of the future.

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Fracture-trace influenced stream orientation in glacial drift, northwestern Pennsylvania

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

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Development of quantitative geomorphology

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