Fractures Of The Coracoid Process

Abstract

Allograft bone was used to reconstruct a defect in the proximal aspect of the tibia or the distal aspect of the femur, or both, in thirty knees of twenty-eight patients who had a revision total knee arthroplasty. The average age of the patients at the time of the index procedure was 65.8 years (range, twenty-four to eighty-nine years). At an average of fifty months (range, twenty-four to 132 months; median, thirty-six months) postoperatively, the score for twenty-three knees (twenty-one patients) had increased by at least 20 points, and these knees did not need additional operative treatment. Thus, the rate of success was 77 per cent. The procedure was considered a failure for the remaining seven knees because of infection (three), loosening of the tibial component (two), fracture of the graft (one), and non-union at the allograft-host junction (one). Properly applied allograft can be used to reconstruct massive bone defects, provide stability and support for implants, and restore bone stock in the event that additional operative treatment is necessary.

Radiographically undetected coracoid fractures diagnosed by sonography. Report of seven cases

“…CP fractures are rare and account for 1-3% of shoulder fractures [1,2,4]. They can be divided in fatigue fractures, which are rare and mainly involve trapshooters [14], and acute traumatic fractures, which occur by three main mechanisms: blow, contact with an anteriorly dislocating humeral head or indirect trauma due to forces acting through tendons or ligament insertion.…”

“…They can be divided in fatigue fractures, which are rare and mainly involve trapshooters [14], and acute traumatic fractures, which occur by three main mechanisms: blow, contact with an anteriorly dislocating humeral head or indirect trauma due to forces acting through tendons or ligament insertion. Several classifications of CP fractures have been proposed over the years [1,4,8]. Ogawa and colleagues classified them into two types depending on the relationship of the fracture with the coracoclavicular ligament: type 1 are fractures anterior to the coracoclavicular ligament and type 2 are posterior to the coracoclavicular ligament [1].…”

“…Several classifications of CP fractures have been proposed over the years [1,4,8]. Ogawa and colleagues classified them into two types depending on the relationship of the fracture with the coracoclavicular ligament: type 1 are fractures anterior to the coracoclavicular ligament and type 2 are posterior to the coracoclavicular ligament [1]. They can also be classified anatomically as occurring at the tip, mid or base of the CP [4].…”

“…Coracoid process (CP) fractures are rare and can pose a diagnostic challenge [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. They can be overlooked on routine radiographs due to the anatomical orientation of the CP and superimposition of adjacent bone structures [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Treating Eyres type IV and V coracoid fracture using the acromion osteotomy approach

“…Fractures of the coracoid are rare, occurring in about 3-13 % in scapular fractures, 5 % in shoulder fractures and 1 % in all bone fractures [1]. Generally, they are caused by high-impact trauma, with accompanying pain and tenderness in the upper outer area of the infra-clavicular fossa.…”