Fractures of the mandibular condyle: A review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals

Management of Mandibular Fractures from Penetrating Trauma

“…Overall, mandible fractures are very common, however when caused by firearms, the patterns of fracture and overall composite defects resulting are unique. Among mandible fractures, condylar fractures are common, between 17.5% -52% of all mandible fractures [3]. Condylar fractures are classified in two ways: by anatomic level as condylar head (intracapsular), condylar neck (extracapsular), and subcondylar, and also as undisplaced, deviated, displaced (with medial or lateral overlap or complete separation), and dislocated (outside the glenoid fossa) [3].…”

Fractures of the mandibular condylar processes — literature review

“…According to different authors they constitute 15-52 % of mandibular fractures [1][2][3]. In patients at developmental age, this number is from 28% to 60% of all fractures of the bone [4,5].…”

“…Mandible, due to its frontal location to head skeleton, is largely exposed to injuries, the number of which has significantly increased in recent years [6]. The authors see the cause of that state in dynamic development of municipal transport, and also in the increase of aggression in human relations [2,6,7]. Goldman reports that there are geographical differences regarding the causes of fractures of joint processes.…”

“…In his study on Switzerland we read that of all the mandible fractures caused by traffic accidents, 99% are damages of the condylar processes [7]. Zachariades provides that traffic accidents constituted 56% of the cases, violence was the cause of 13,6% of injuries, accidents at work regarded 3,8% of the patients, whereas sports related injuries concerned 3,5% [2]. Among the people who suffered an injury as a result of practicing sport Lee mentions mainly children who fell from the bike [2].…”

“…Zachariades provides that traffic accidents constituted 56% of the cases, violence was the cause of 13,6% of injuries, accidents at work regarded 3,8% of the patients, whereas sports related injuries concerned 3,5% [2]. Among the people who suffered an injury as a result of practicing sport Lee mentions mainly children who fell from the bike [2]. Jurkiewicz-Ciurlej also states that most often fractures of the condylar processes in children are the result of a fall from a bicycle, which represents 48% of cases [4,5].…”