Fractures of the ring of the axis. A classification based on the analysis of 131 cases

Effendi, B; Roy, Deb; Cornish, Brian L.; Rg, Dussault; Laurin, C A

doi:10.1302/0301-620x.63b3.7263741

Cited by 418 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

216

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These fractures are often classified by the system proposed by Effendi and modified by Levine and Edwards [34,35]. Type I fractures are the result of axial loading and hyperextension, with minimally displaced (<3 mm) fractures through both pars interarticularis and a competent C2-C3 disc.…”

Section: Spondylolisthesis Of the Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Gornet

Kelly

2016

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fractures of the second cervical vertebra (C2, axis) are common in adult spine surgery. Those fractures occurring in younger adult patients are often associated with highenergy mechanism trauma, resulting in a "Hangman's Fracture." Management of these fractures is often successful with nonoperative means, though surgery may be needed in those fractures with greater displacement and injury to the C2-C3 disc. Older patients are more likely to sustain fractures of the odontoid process. The evidence supporting surgical management of these fractures is evolving, as there may be a mortality benefit to surgery. Regardless of treatment, longerterm mortality rates are high in this patient population, which should be discussed with the patient and family at the time of injury. Pediatric patients may suffer fractures of the axis, though differentiation of normal and pathologic findings is necessary and more difficult with the skeletally immature spine.

show abstract

Section: Spondylolisthesis Of the Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Gornet

Kelly

2016

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis was first described by Cornish [6], and was classified by Effendi et al [7] with special reference to combined injuries. [26].…”

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined injuries in the upper cervical spine: clinical and epidemiological data over a 14-year period

Gleizes

Jacquot

Signoret

et al. 2000

European Spine Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Upper cervical spine injury with a severe neurological deficit results in death.l-13 In those who survive an upper cervical spine injury is occasionally overlooked due to lack of characteristic clinical symp toms and sometimes mild or absent neurological deficit,I-3,8,1O-19 and to clouding of consciousness caused by an associated head injury.I-5,8, 1O-13,16,19 How ever, even a mild neurological deficit may likely be a sign of an unstable injury. 3,10,11,15,16 It is very important as it may lead to early diagnosis and an ability to determine the therapeutic plan. It is vital to have a thorough knowledge of the type of injury and the clinical manifestations associated with an upper cervical spine injury in order to diagnose and treat this injury at an early stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of neurological deficits associated with upper cervical spine injuries

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the type of injury and neurological prognosis in 82 patients with an upper cervical spine injury with neurological deficits, from a total of 247 such patients that we treated, from which 11 patients who were dead on arrival had been excluded. The incidence of neurological deficits in upper cervical spine injury was 33%. They were classified into three signs; cord, upper cervical nerve root, and cranial nerve signs. The types of injury accompanied by neurological deficits were burst fracture of the atlas, type II dens fracture, body fracture of the axis, type II traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, atlanto-occipital dislocation, and atlanto-axial dislocation. Most were unstable vertebral injuries. The four patients who died after arrival at hospital had complete tetraplegia with respiratory distress. The neurological deficit was one of paresis in the 78 patients who survived; in many, the paresis was mild with a resulting good neurological prognosis.

show abstract

Fractures of the ring of the axis. A classification based on the analysis of 131 cases

Cited by 418 publications

References 0 publications

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Combined injuries in the upper cervical spine: clinical and epidemiological data over a 14-year period

Prognosis of neurological deficits associated with upper cervical spine injuries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About