Fracturing with Carbon Dioxide: From Microscopic Mechanism to Reservoir Application

Song, Xuehang; Guo, Yintong; Zhang, Jin; Sun, Nannan; Shen, Guofei; Chang, Xin; Yu, Weisheng; Tang, Zhiyong; Chen, Wei; Wang, Lei; Zhou, Jianting; Li, Xiao; Li, Xiaofeng; Zhou, Jinhui; Xue, Zhenqian

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.004

Cited by 97 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Rock fractures provide dominant pathways for fluid flow in the Earth's crust. Multiphase flow in rock fractures is relevant to many subsurface engineering applications including geological carbon sequestration (Teng & Zhang, 2018;Ulven et al, 2014), enhanced oil/gas recovery (Lake, 1989;Morrow & Mason, 2001), and hydraulic fracturing (Song et al, 2019). For such flow of multiple immiscible fluids, fluid-fluid interface instability is a key factor that affects the CO 2 storage capacity, the oil recovery efficiency, and the flow-back (and the disappearance) of fracturing fluids (Edwards et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures

Zhou

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The roughness of rock fractures induces irregular flow passages and significantly affects the displacement front. Previous studies focus on displacement instabilities in porous media, but how roughness controls displacement patterns in rock fractures remains unclear. Here, we derive a theoretical model that describes the two transitions of drainage displacement patterns from capillary fingering to the crossover to viscous fingering as functions of roughness. The phase diagram predicted by this model exhibits excellent agreement with our experimental results, showing that increasing roughness index λb destabilizes displacement fronts. We further find that in capillary fingering regime the percentage of dissipated energy to the total external work increases from 39% to 61% as λb increases from 0.082 to 0.245. Our work elucidates the mechanism of roughness control on multiphase flow in fractures and provides a basis for developing a rigorous upscaling methodology that relates Darcy‐scale flow behavior to the local fluid displacements via energy dissipation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures

Zhou

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…According to Figure 6A, the 20 MPa fluctuation in the second stage indirectly reflects the near and distant fracturing of the auto‐pressure injection hole. The low viscosity and high mobility of CO 2 made the penetration of the coal matrix easier, and this was very effective in lowering the breakthrough pressure and increasing the complexity of the fracturing network 46,47 . Additionally, the LCO 2 reacted with water in the coal to form H 2 CO 3 (such as calcite, dolomite, illite, and chlorite), which increased the porosity of the coal and improved the permeability of the coal seam 38 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with hydraulic fracturing, LCO 2 fracturing was more likely to produce a dense fracture network 46 . Therefore, the CO 2 injected into the coal seam was assumed to flow evenly, and was divided into four areas around borehole Y as depicted in Figure 12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low viscosity and high mobility of CO 2 made the penetration of the coal matrix easier, and this was very effective in lowering the breakthrough pressure and increasing the complexity of the fracturing network. 46,47 Additionally, the LCO 2 reacted with water in the coal to form H 2 CO 3 (such as calcite, dolomite, illite, and chlorite), which increased the porosity of the coal and improved the permeability of the coal seam. 38 Figure 7 shows that the CO 2 concentrations in boreholes K 1 and K 3 decrease exponentially with time during the entire extraction process, yielding attenuation coefficients of 0.0231 and 0.0205, respectively.…”

Section: Orifice Pressure and Temperature Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with hydraulic fracturing, LCO 2 fracturing was more likely to produce a dense fracture network. 46 Therefore, the CO 2 injected into the coal seam was assumed to flow evenly, and was divided into four areas around borehole Y as depicted in Figure 12. Due to gas leakages, boreholes K 4 and K 2 collapsed during the test; thus, the estimation of CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations before and after fracturing was limited to boreholes K 1 and K 3 .…”

Section: Equivalent Displacement Efficiency and Standard Radiusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid CO ₂ high‐pressure fracturing of coal seams and gas extraction engineering tests using crossing holes: A case study of Panji Coal Mine No. 3, Huainan, China

et al. 2020

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Summary Owing to the low coal permeability coefficients and poor gas extraction efficiencies associated with the extraction of coal in the Huainan coal mining area, the aim of this study was to design, for the first time, a high‐pressure low‐temperature liquid CO2 (LCO2) pump for engineering tests with respect to the fracturing of coal seams and the improvement of CH4 recovery in China. To reasonably calculate the initiation pressure for the coal seam fracturing as well as the gas flow parameters, theoretical analysis with field testing were integrated in the design. In addition, considering the interim gas extraction standard, the gas extraction equivalent radius based on this standard was calculated. The test results revealed a maximum LCO2 pressure of 20.6 MPa, which surpasses the theoretical maximum pressure (19.5 MPa) required for the fracturing of coal seams. During the entire gas extraction process, the CO2 concentrations in boreholes K1 and K3 decrease exponentially with time, showing attenuation coefficients of 0.0205 and 0.0231, respectively. The attenuation coefficients of the three attenuation stages of the original coal seam gas flow rate were 0.0314, 0.2142, and 0.1198, which were higher than those corresponding to the test area. The CH4 concentration in boreholes K1 and K3 in the test area were both higher than that in the original coal seam, and the maximum CH4 flow rates in these boreholes were 1.31‐ and 1.72‐fold higher than that in the original coal seam, respectively. The comparative analysis of CH4 concentrations and flow rates indirectly showed an improvement in the permeability of the coal seam. Further, a quantitative equivalent gas extraction evaluation method based on LCO2 fracturing of coal seam and gas displacement was proposed. Furthermore, based on a comprehensive evaluation, the effective displacement radius caused by the LCO2 fracturing test was 9 m, with a displacement efficiency of 23.95%, and a displacement volume ratio of 0.21. This method offered the possibility of realizing the quantitative evaluation of the LCO2 injection amount and the gas extraction effect, and provides a basis for optimizing the LCO2 fracturing of coal seams as well as the gas extraction process.

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Advanced Cathode Materials for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Wang

Tang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Intermediate‐temperature proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs)–a promising power generation technology–have attracted significant attention in recent years because of their unique advantages over conventional high‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells and low‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The cathodes of PCFCs simultaneously require efficient channels for proton, oxide‐ion, and electron transfer; therefore, designing and engineering cathode materials with tailorable H+, O2−, and e− conductivities are crucial for improving PCFC performance. Despite significant efforts and critical progress in this field, exploring the desired cathode materials remains challenging. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of oxide materials for PCFC cathodes, particularly triple H+/O2−/e− conductors. Their proton uptake, conduction mechanisms, and structure–property relationships are focused on to guide future material design. In addition, the electrochemical performance of these cathode materials in PCFCs is discussed and the electrochemical performance gaps among PCFCs with different types of cathode materials are defined. Finally, perspectives on the development of high‐performance PCFCs are proposed.

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Fracturing with Carbon Dioxide: From Microscopic Mechanism to Reservoir Application

Cited by 97 publications

References 40 publications

Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures

Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures

Liquid CO ₂ high‐pressure fracturing of coal seams and gas extraction engineering tests using crossing holes: A case study of Panji Coal Mine No. 3, Huainan, China

Advanced Cathode Materials for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

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Fracturing with Carbon Dioxide: From Microscopic Mechanism to Reservoir Application

Cited by 97 publications

References 40 publications

Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures

Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures

Liquid CO 2 high‐pressure fracturing of coal seams and gas extraction engineering tests using crossing holes: A case study of Panji Coal Mine No. 3, Huainan, China

Advanced Cathode Materials for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

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Liquid CO ₂ high‐pressure fracturing of coal seams and gas extraction engineering tests using crossing holes: A case study of Panji Coal Mine No. 3, Huainan, China