The Aurivillius-layered compounds with a predominant
fraction of paramagnetic transition metals are an emerging playground
for the discovery of magnetoelectric or multiferroic compounds. This
aim was recently achieved by incorporating F– anions
in the perovskite layer of the (Bi2O2)(CoF4) compound, only described so far in a disordered model (unit
cell: a
p, a
p, c). Here, we report the investigation on the representative
compounds (Bi2O2)(MF4) (M = Fe and Ni) using single crystal, synchrotron,
neutron, and electron diffraction. These reveal that the crystallographic
average cell (√2 × a
p, √2
× a
p, c) is orthorhombic,
polar, and accompanied by versatile (in)commensurate modulations.
The supercell model was fully refined for (Bi2–x
O2)(FeF4) [q = (0, 1/2, 0)] in the P2111 polar space
group with transverse Fe-displacements relative to q. Bi deficiency is compensated by a mixed Fe∼2.5+ valence, but the ideal stoichiometry is preserved for (Bi2O2)(NiF4). Both compounds are antiferromagnetic
below T
N = 89 K (Fe) and 45 K (Ni), with
moments lying in the (ac) plane and a weak ferromagnetic
component along the b-axis. Density functional theory
calculations validate a strongly anisotropic distribution of magnetic
exchanges (J
ab
/J
c
> 10). A broad anomaly
on
the dielectric constant at T
N and a polarization
loop at room temperature were obtained on (Bi2–x
O2)(FeF4) single crystals,
revealing multiferroism with magnetoelectric couplings.