Fragility Functions of Gas and Oil Networks

Gehl, Pierre; Desramaut, Nicolas; Réveillère, Arnaud; Modaressi, Hormoz

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7872-6_7

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, this attenuation considers the main parameters of site effect such as: Magnitude (M), distance from rupture (R), fault mechanism, and soil stiffness. According to [6] the failure of a pumping plant is most likely to occur as a result of damage to one of its main subcomponents: the building, one or more pumps, electrical equipment, and electric power and backup systems.…”

Section: Methodology Implemention: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HAZUS procedure provides data for steel tanks categorizing the tank only whether it is anchored or unanchored. In addition, [6,10] suggest to consider parameters such as H/D ratio and tank fill level. In this case, the fragility parameters are based on the values proposed for tanks with H/D ratio less than 0.7, which are the most compatible for oil farm tanks.…”

Section: Tanksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major objective of this research is to develop a probabilistic methodology that examines the preparedness of critical infrastructures through an appraisal of the risk that CIs are exposed in case of seismic events and provide a decision support tool for risk mitigation. Prior methodologies for risk appraisal [3][4][5][6] presented procedures that offer tools such as fragility curves, fault-tree-analysis (FTA), and logic tree in order to appraise the risk of different components. Those methodologies presented tools to appraise the risk for existing generic infrastructures based on empiric data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic Risk Appraisal and Mitigation of Critical Infrastructures for Seismic Extreme Events

Urlainis¹,

Shohet²

2019

Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019

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The importance and the interdependencies of critical infrastructures such as power and water supply, communications, and healthcare is increasing continuously and constantly. Most of the vital services for the private and the public sectors depend on the continuous performance of critical infrastructures. However, the last decades' extreme events reveal a significant gap between the preparedness of critical infrastructures and the actual risk that those infrastructures are exposed to in case of seismic event. In this research a methodology is developed to appraise and mitigate the risk that critical infrastructures are exposed to in case of seismic events. The proposed method is designated also to act as decision support tool for the selection of the most advantageous strategy to reduce the risk expectancy for extreme seismic events. A Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) approach is used in order to reflect a variety of possible seismic scenarios and overcome the uncertainties regarding to the timing, the location, and the magnitude of an earthquake. The seismic vulnerability of different components is evaluated by adjusted fragility curves and Fault-Tree-Analysis. The seismic risk function, that expresses the expected risk of the system for a given ground motion intensity, is derived according to the occurrence probabilities of the earthquake, the seismic vulnerability of different components, and the expected consequences. This paper introduces the developed methodology and demonstrates the key steps through two case studies of oil pumping plant and oil tank farm. The pumping plant case study demonstrates the development of the risk function and examines the contribution of a possible mitigation strategy on the overall risk expectancy. The oil tank farm case demonstrates a derivation of an exclusive fragility function for critical infrastructures facility. This methodology provides a novel analytical and decision-support tool that integrates between the components adjusted fragility curves in the risk assessment and the consequent mitigation step; the optimal mitigation strategy is derived from the fragility parameters reflection on the total risk function.

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Section: Methodology Implemention: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tanksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic Risk Appraisal and Mitigation of Critical Infrastructures for Seismic Extreme Events

Urlainis¹,

Shohet²

2019

Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019

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“…There are both advantages and disadvantages to empirical RR models. For example, they are commonly used in regional seismic risk assessments of pipelines, including gas pipelines (Ameri and van de Lindt 2019;Esposito et al 2013Esposito et al , 2015Gehl et al 2014;Jahangiri and Shakib 2018;Mousavi et al 2014;De Risi et al 2018;Shabarchin and Tesfamariam 2017). Furthermore, they are developed empirically from observed damage in past earthquakes.…”

Section: Available Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Risk of Gas Pipelines in the Conterminous United States and Its Sources of Uncertainty

Kwong

Jaiswal

Baker

et al. 2022

ASCE-ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Eng. Syst., Part A: Civ. Eng.

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Relatively little research has been conducted to systematically quantify the nationwide earthquake risk of gas pipelines in the US; simultaneously, national guidance is limited for operators across the country to consistently evaluate the earthquake risk of their assets. Furthermore, many challenges and uncertainties exist in a comprehensive seismic risk assessment of gas pipelines. As a first stage in a systematic nationwide assessment, we quantify the earthquake risk of gas transmission pipelines in the conterminous US due to strong ground shaking, including the associated uncertainties. Specifically, we integrate the US Geological Survey 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model, a logic tree-based exposure model, three different vulnerability models, and a consequence model. The results enable comparison against other risk assessment efforts, encourage more transparent deliberation regarding alternative approaches, and facilitate decisions on potentially assessing localized risks due to ground failures that require site-specific data. Based on the uncertainties approximated herein, the resulting sensitivity analyses suggest that the vulnerability model is the most influential source of uncertainty. Finally, we highlight research needs such as (1) developing more vulnerability models for regional seismic risk assessment of gas pipelines; (2) identifying, prioritizing, and measuring input pipeline attributes that are important for estimating seismic damage; and (3) better quantifying seismic hazards with their uncertainties at the national scale, for both ground failures and ground shaking.

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“…Considering that stations comprise the shelter and the equipment inside, they may be classified with respect to different aspects: building typology; anchored or unanchored subcomponents; or electrical and mechanical components (Gehl et al., ).…”

Section: Issues In the Performance‐based Seismic Risk Assessment Of Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation‐Based Seismic Risk Assessment of Gas Distribution Networks

Esposito

Iervolino

d’Onofrio

et al. 2014

Computer aided Civil Eng

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The basic function of a gas distribution sys- tem, essentially composed of buried pipelines, reduc- tion stations, and demand nodes, is to deliver gas from sources to end users. The objective of the article is to discuss the evaluation of seismic risk of gas networks in compliance with the performance-based earthquake en- gineering framework adapted to spatially distributed sys- tems. In particular, three issues are addressed: (1) spatial seismic hazard characterization in terms of ground shak- ing and permanent ground deformation; (2) analysis of system’s vulnerability via fragility curves; (3) seismic per- formance evaluation via computer-aided simulation. As an application, the seismic risk analysis of L’Aquila (cen- tral Italy) gas distribution network, a 621-km mid- and low-pressure pipeline system was considered. The anal- yses were performed with reference to the mid-pressure part of the network, through an object-oriented software, specific for risk assessment of lifelines, developed by the authors. Results in terms of connectivity-based per- formance indicators are presented and discussed, along with a performance disaggregation analysis carried out to evaluate the contribution of the components of the sys- tem to the risk

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Fragility Functions of Gas and Oil Networks

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Probabilistic Risk Appraisal and Mitigation of Critical Infrastructures for Seismic Extreme Events

Probabilistic Risk Appraisal and Mitigation of Critical Infrastructures for Seismic Extreme Events

Earthquake Risk of Gas Pipelines in the Conterminous United States and Its Sources of Uncertainty

Simulation‐Based Seismic Risk Assessment of Gas Distribution Networks

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