Fragmentation and Interdependency: Border Security Intelligence in North America and Europe

Cyber Intelligence Networks: A Typology

“…For instance, much research still focuses only on the collaboration between public intelligence agencies on the national and international levels (e.g. Cozine, 2016;James et al, 2017;Parkes, 2017;Seagle, 2015;Vestermark, 2017). Moreover, research that does have an interest in private sector engagement in cyber intelligence collaboration uses a public-private lens (e.g.…”

“…Yet, this optimism often proves unfounded. Intelligence collection and analysis appears to be very fragmented in many countries, as agencies operate in relative isolation, resulting in considerable barriers that problematize fruitful collaboration, as multiple case studies have demonstrated (see Cozine, 2016;James, Phythian, Wadie, & Richards, 2017;Parkes, 2017). This fragmentation results in the use of incongruent intelligence gathering processes and bureaucratic procedures that are not aligned (Cozine, 2016).…”

“…Intelligence collection and analysis appears to be very fragmented in many countries, as agencies operate in relative isolation, resulting in considerable barriers that problematize fruitful collaboration, as multiple case studies have demonstrated (see Cozine, 2016;James, Phythian, Wadie, & Richards, 2017;Parkes, 2017). This fragmentation results in the use of incongruent intelligence gathering processes and bureaucratic procedures that are not aligned (Cozine, 2016). In turn, as an analysis of the Belgian intelligence services shows, this fragmentation may reduce the motivation to cooperate among various actors or even simply prevent them from seeing the benefits (Lasoen, 2017).…”

“…Cyber security increasingly demands inter-organizational cooperation due to the rise of new, diverse, and transnational cyber threats (Cozine, 2016;Mattern, Felker, Borum, & Bamford, 2014;Rudner, 2013). Such threats can be of various natures.…”

Securitization and criminalization: an analysis of the Temporary Resident Biometrics Program (TRBP)

“…The end of the Cold War era has been identified as a moment when immigration became part of the securitization agenda and started to be considered as a greater concern to Western societies (Watson, 2009). To explain why immigration has continued to create anxieties among receiving countries, mainly from the global north, some authors identify globalization as the main driver of this tendency (Ceyhan et al, 2002;Cozine, 2016;Jaskulowski, 2018). Others take the 9/11 terrorist attacks as the reference point (Ibrahim, 2005).…”