We present a comprehensive investigation on the possibility of the search for new force mediator X boson in e + e − collision and J/ψ decay at the BESIII experiment. The typical interactions of X boson coupling to leptons and quarks are explored. The production and decay properties of this X particle, the product/decay chains e + e − → Xγ → e + e − γ and J/ψ → Xγ → µ + µ − γ, and exclusion limits on the reduced coupling strength parameters as functions of X boson mass are presented. With the data set of tens of fb −1 e + e − or 10 10 J/ψ, we find that the exclusion limits on the coupling strength parameters fall in the range of 10 −3 ∼ 10 −4 , depending on m X assuming the decay width 10 eV< Γ X <100 eV reasonably, for various hypotheses in the literature. According to our estimation, the search for new force mediator X boson in both e + e − collision and J/ψ decay are accessible in nowadays BESIII experiment.