Fragmentation of a Peri-Urban Savanna, Athi-Kaputiei Plains, Kenya

Fragmentation of rangelands: Implications for humans, animals, and landscapes

“…This has also promoted the installation of fences (Rutten, 1992;Kimani and Pickard, 1998;Reid et al, 2004) which, while fragmenting landscapes, has proved useful for controlling movements of domestic and wild animals, protecting crops and settlements, controlling animal disease, and improving herd and grazing management (Boone and Hobbs, 2004). Finally, privatized land tenure has also facilitated settlement (BurnSilver and Mwangi, 2007;Reid et al, 2008), which may allow landholders to benefit from greater access to services and greater participation in local economies.…”

“…For example, the allocation of private land rights in communal pastoral systems can lead to more equitable access to land, whereby previously marginalized individuals are provided with direct control over parcels of land (Lesorogol, 2003(Lesorogol, , 2005Reid et al, 2008). These land rights have allowed for the possibility of selling land, as well as securing access to loans (Grandin, 1986).…”

“…These communities thus use their social capital to maintain landscape connectivity through grazing associations that assure reciprocal grazing rights (BurnSilver and Mwangi, 2007). Other communities in the same district, in the Athi-Kaputiei Plains, work with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the state-run wildlife parastatal, which pay landowners to keep fences down, thus allowing freer movement of animals by keeping migratory corridors for wildlife and livestock open (Kristjanson et al, 2002;Reid et al, 2008). Similar informal arrangements can be seen in the agistment networks of Australia .…”

Pastoralism and wildlife: historical and current perspectives in the East African rangelands of Kenya and Tanzania

“…A similar pattern is occurring around Tanzania' s Tarangire National Park, where permanent subsistence and large-scale farming is increasingly isolating the park and leading to declines of large mammal species (67,68). Additional factors that impact wildlife movements and close migration corridors, whilst also limiting access to traditional pastoral rangelands, include urbanisation and land segmentation, for example in Kajiado and Kitengela (Kenya) (69).…”

Livestock Farming in the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India:Use Pattern and Potentiality

“…In 2000, the global livestock sector produced 586 million tonnes of milk and 285 million tonnes of meat 8,9 . Although livestock production at the global level is less, it plays a vital role in supporting the nutritional security and income mainly for the pastoral communities 10,11 . Uttarakhand characterizes mixed crop-livestock systems in smallholder farming.…”