Fragmentation of Habitat by Roads and Utility Corridors: A Review

Andrews, Annabelle

doi:10.7882/az.1990.005

Cited by 214 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Generalist predators are thought to benefit from fragmented landscapes through increased visibility and mobility in disturbed areas, access to a broad range of food sources, and exploitation of edge habitats (Andrews 1990, Harrison and Bruna 1999, Buskirk 2000, Gehring and Swihart 2003. Indeed, Andrén et al (1985) observed that the density of generalist corvid birds was higher south of the boreal zone in Sweden where cycles of tetraonid birds disappear, and was positively correlated with dummy nest predation rate, fragmentation degree of forests, and proportion of agricultural lands.…”

Section: Table Of Contents List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Vitense

Wirsing

Tyson

et al. 2016

Ecological Modelling

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I used a reaction-diffusion-advection framework to investigate the relative and combined damping impacts of generalist predation and habitat loss with reaction terms taken from the May and Rosenzweig-MacArthur models. The models were parameterized using data from snowshoe hare and Canada lynx field studies to generate similar cyclic dynamics in the center of a single patch in the absence of generalist predation. I found that generalist predation has strong stabilizing effects for both models and may represent a threat to the persistence of specialized predators. The magnitude of cycle damping due to habitat loss depends on movement rates and model choice, but ultimately results in the loss of cycles. Differences in model carrying capacity may explain differences in model sensitivity to habitat loss, and cycle amplitude may or may not decrease monotonically with habitat loss, depending on model choice. Elevated generalist predation rates at patch edges and in matrix habitat hasten cycle attenuation in situations that lead to increased prey exposure to generalists, including small patch size, higher movement rates into the matrix, and increased prey density at patch edges. Habitat disturbances may therefore have myriad consequences for cyclic systems depending in part on the nature of specialist predator-prey interactions and the extent to which the disturbances increase generalist access to prey. Field data that clarifies the relationships between habitat loss and fragmentation, generalist density and behavior, and cyclic activity would be invaluable in informing future modeling efforts.

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Section: Table Of Contents List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Vitense

Wirsing

Tyson

et al. 2016

Ecological Modelling

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“…It has been widely accepted that the construction of roads has the potential to facilitate the ingress of predators (including carnivorous mammals, birds and reptiles) into forest environments previously inaccessible to them (Andrews 1990;Fanning and Mills 1990;Gilmore 1990;Copson 1991) or, at least, that the use of roads by feral predators for hunting and movement is commonplace since roads provide easy travelling conditions (Bennett 1990;Cunningham 1990;Lumsden et al 1991). Andrews (1990) proposed that feral animals are easily introduced into areas where there are roads, as the accompanying edge effect favours species with generalised ecological requirements. Arnold et al (1987) reported that the narrow roadside verges in Western Australia are characterised by weeds and feral animals.…”

Section: Roadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fragmentation and disturbance on the potential impact of feral predators on native fauna in Australian forest ecosystems

May¹,

Norton²

1996

Wildl. Res.

126

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We review current knowledge of the diet and predator-prey relationships of the feral cat (Felis catus), fox (Vulpes vulpes) and dingo (Canis familiaris dingo) (including wild dogs), and consider how forest fragmentation by roads may influence the use of native forest ecosystems by these species and the significance of this for native fauna. The cat, fox and dingo are significant predators in Australia that interact with native fauna in various ways, including predation, competition for resources, and transmission of disease. On the basis of current knowledge, it is clear that the nature and impact of predation by the cat, fox and dingo on native fauna are primarily determined by prey availability, although there are exceptions to this rule. Generally, dingoes prey upon large to medium-sized prey species (e.g. wallabies, common wombats and possums), foxes prey upon medium-sized to small prey (e.g. possums and rats) and consume a significant component of scavenged material and vegetation, while cats also prey upon medium-sized to small prey, but may have a greater proportion of reptiles and birds in their diet. The cat is generally considered to be an opportunistic predator and to have contributed to the demise of a number of mammals. The fox is considered more of a threat to small native mammals than is the cat and it has been asserted that all species of mammals that fall within the critical weight range (CWR) of 120-5000 g are at risk of local extinction when the fox is present. The severity of the impact of the dingo upon the native fauna is considered to be minimal, at least in comparison with the impact that the cat and fox can have on populations. The dingo is not considered a threat to CWR mammals in undisturbed environments. The fox, feral cat and dingo are all considered to have the ability to selectively prey upon species and, to some extent, individual sexes and age-classes of a number of larger prey species.Although many of Australia's forested areas are relatively heavily fragmented by roads, there are no published studies specifically investigating the use of roads by feral predators. Information on the distribution and abundance of foxes, cats and dingoes in these ecosystems, their ecology and their impact on native fauna is particularly limited. Further, the extent to which roads influence the distribution and abundance of these species and the consequences of these for native fauna are poorly known. Given this, we suggest that one of the most important research needs is to establish the relative impact that exotic predators may have on native fauna under varying degrees of road construction within native forests. For example, are areas with and without roads in forests used differently by exotic predators and what is the significance of this in terms of the potential impact on fauna? The extent to which feral predators forage away from roads needs further investigation, as does the rates of predation within edges, because this may have several consequences for the design, location and siz...

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“…Algunos autores comentan que cuando la vegetación se encuentra en recuperación algunas poblaciones tienden a recolonizar nuevamente el área (Hanski 1994). Otros autores mencionan que en los estados secundarios, la presencia de caminos y veredas constituyen pequeños ecotonos, que a su vez concentran una elevada cantidad de organismos por presentar características apropiadas para su movilización (Andrews 1990). Contrariamente a estas teorías y a la teoría de la perturbación media (Connel 1978), los resultados encontrados mediante el muestreo sistemático muestran que los estados menos perturbados fueron los que registraron mayor número de especies.…”

Section: Prueba Para Diferencias Entre Grupos Edad Vegetaciónunclassified

Utilización de hábitat por reptiles en estados sucesionales de selvas tropicales de Campeche, México

Calderón-Mandujano

Galindo-Leal²,

Cedeño-Vázquez

2008

AZM

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RESUMENEste estudio documenta la utilización de hábitat por reptiles en selvas mediana y baja, con tres estados sucesionales: menor de 10 años, entre 10 y 25 años y selvas maduras (> 30 años). La investigación se llevó a cabo entre abril de 1997 y enero de 1998 en la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul, Campeche, México. Los muestreos se realizaron a lo largo de un año para incluir las tres estaciones climáticas predominantes en la región: nortes, secas y lluvias. Utilizamos métodos complementarios de muestreo: búsqueda directa en transectos y fuera de ellos, y muestreo con trampas, para evitar sesgos. La información recabada se analizó mediante técnicas multivariadas y de ordenación, para identificar tendencias o afinidades de las especies hacia cierto estado de la vegetación. Se encontraron 10 especies en mayor abundancia y representación en al menos 5 de los 6 tratamientos, que fueron utilizadas para comparar las diferencias entre los sitios conservados de los perturbados. ABSTRACTThis study documents patterns of habitat use by reptiles in low and medium height tropical forest in three successional stages: less than 10 years old, between 10 and 25 years old, and mature (>30 years old) forests. The investigation took place between April 1997 and January 1998 in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Campeche, Mexico. Sampling took place throughout one year period to include the three predominant seasons in the region: dry, wet and nortes. To avoid sampling biases, we used complementary methods: direct search in transects and outside transects, and trapping. We used multivariate and ordination techniques to identify trends in habitat use. Once that patterns of habitat use were identified, we used analysis of variance to test differences in abundance. We identified 10 species with high abundance, inhabiting at least in five of the six treatments, which were used to compare differences between preserved and disturbed sites. 95Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 24(1): 95-114 (2008)

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Fragmentation of Habitat by Roads and Utility Corridors: A Review

Cited by 214 publications

References 59 publications

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Influence of fragmentation and disturbance on the potential impact of feral predators on native fauna in Australian forest ecosystems

Utilización de hábitat por reptiles en estados sucesionales de selvas tropicales de Campeche, México

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