We construct ω-framed Kripke models of i∀ 1 and iΠ 1 non of whose worlds satisfies ∀x∃y(x = 2y ∨ x = 2y + 1) and ∀x, y∃zExp(x, y, z) respectively. This will enable us to show that i∀ 1 does not prove ¬¬∀x∃y(x = 2y ∨ x = 2y + 1) and iΠ 1 does not prove ¬¬∀x, y∃zExp(x, y, z). Therefore, i∀ 1 ¬¬lop and iΠ 1 ¬¬iΣ 1 . We also prove that HA lΣ 1 and present some remarks about iΠ 2 .2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03F30, 03F55, 03H15.Key words and phrases: Fragments of Heyting Arithmetic, Kripke Models, exp. We fix the language L = {+, ·, <, 0, 1} of arithmetic throughout the paper.
PreliminariesBy open formulas we mean quantifier-free formulas. (∃x ≤ t)ϕ is an abbreviation for ∃x(x ≤ t ∧ ϕ) and (∀x ≤ t)ϕ is an abbreviation for ∀x(x ≤ t → ϕ), where t is a term not involving x. A formula is bounded if all quantifiers occurring in it are bounded, i.e., occur in a context as above. Σ 0 , Π 0 or ∆ 0 -formulas are bounded formulas. For n ≥ 0, Σ n+1 -formulas have the form (∃x)ϕ where ϕ in Π n , Π n+1 -formulas have the form (∀x)ϕ where ϕ in Σ n .The hierarchy of ∀ n -formulas and of ∃ n -formulas are defined similarly by changing bounded formulas to open formulas.Heything arithmetic HA and its fragments (P A − ) i , iop(= iopen), lop(= lopen) and i∆ 0 are the intuitionistic counterparts of first order Peano Arithmetic P A and its fragments P A − , Iop(= Iopen), Lop(= Lopen) and I∆ 0 . More generally for any set Γ of formulas we will use notations such as iΓ and lΓ in the same manner.