Frailty syndrome and pre-operative risk evaluation: A systematic review

Impact of frailty on surgical outcomes: The right patient for the right procedure

“…Although age is a predictor of negative outcomes after operation, this is most likely a proxy for other clinical measures. 1,2 Furthermore, the literature on complex surgical procedures is replete with series of reports on low mortality in older patients. [2][3][4][5] These reports often espouse optimization of patient selection.…”

“…Even though frailty remains an ethereal concept, most investigators define frailty as a decrease in physiologic reserve of multiple organ systems with identifiable altered physical function beyond what is expected for normal aging. 1,2,[7][8][9] To date, there is no clear consensus on the optimal method to measure frailty. 9 However, attempts to measure frailty have fallen largely into 2 categories: deficit accumulation and phenotypic measures.…”

“…9 However, attempts to measure frailty have fallen largely into 2 categories: deficit accumulation and phenotypic measures. 1,2,10,11 Deficit accumulation accounts for cumulative deficits accrued across multiple domains such as ability to perform activities of daily living, mini-cognition test, and falls. 9,12 Phenotypic measures include speed to get up and go, grip strength, weight loss, exhaustion, decrease in muscle mass, and decreased physical activity.…”

Frailty predicts surgical complications after kidney transplantation. A propensity score matched study

“…Studies have shown the association between frailty and general postoperative complications related to other types of surgery using specific population groups and various tools to measure frailty [25][26][27][28][29]. However, those studies selected a broader range of postoperative complications as outcomes, using classifications such as the one proposed by Clavien et al or according to the criteria proposed by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) [29,38,39], and not specifically surgical complications, as evaluated for the first time in the present study.…”

“…Studies have shown an association between frailty and general postoperative complications related to KTx [24] and to other types of surgery [25][26][27][28][29], but to the best of our knowledge, no studies have evaluated frailty as a specific predictor of surgical complications after KTx.…”