Frameshifting is required for production of the transposase encoded by insertion sequence 1.

Sekine, Yoshiaki; Ohtsubo, Eiichi

doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4609

Cited by 122 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…4). This result indicates that OrfA is not a transcriptional repressor, unlike the result obtained for another insertion element IS1:IS1, which codes for the two open reading frames insA and B 0 -insB, produces a transframe protein (InsA-B 0 -InsB protein), which is IS1 transposase (Sekine & Ohtsubo 1989), and an InsA protein, which represses transcription from the promoter in the left-terminal region upstream of insA (Machida & Machida 1989;Zerbib et al 1990a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Inhibition of transpositional recombination by OrfA and OrfB proteins encoded by insertion sequence IS3

et al. 1997

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Background: An insertion element IS3 is flanked by terminal inverted repeat (IR) sequences. IS3 encodes two, out-of-phase, overlapping open reading frames, orfA and orfB, from which three proteins are produced. OrfAB is a transframe protein produced by ¹1 translational frameshifting between orfA and orfB, and it is known to be IS3 transposase. OrfA and OrfB are the proteins produced without frameshifting, but their functions have not been elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Inhibition of transpositional recombination by OrfA and OrfB proteins encoded by insertion sequence IS3

et al. 1997

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“…A second protein, InsAB', carries domains contributed by both reading frames and is produced by inefficient translational frameshifting between insA and insB' (3,13). Frameshifting has been shown to occur on an A6C sequence (3,13) (Fig. 1B), as found also in the synthesis of the Gag-Pol polyprotein in some retroviruses (for a review, see reference 15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1B), as found also in the synthesis of the Gag-Pol polyprotein in some retroviruses (for a review, see reference 15). The InsAB' protein can be produced "constitutively" by introduction of a single additional A residue into the A6C run to form A7C (2,13). This insertion mutation physically fuses insA and insB' and increases the frequency of IS1 transposition by a factor of between 102 and 104 (2,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A), repressing its own transcription from a promoter located partially in IRL and simultaneously inhibiting transposition (8,17). A second protein, InsAB', carries domains contributed by both reading frames and is produced by inefficient translational frameshifting between insA and insB' (3,13). Frameshifting has been shown to occur on an A6C sequence (3,13) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The InsAB' protein can be produced "constitutively" by introduction of a single additional A residue into the A6C run to form A7C (2,13). This insertion mutation physically fuses insA and insB' and increases the frequency of IS1 transposition by a factor of between 102 and 104 (2,13). The mutation should eliminate expression of the InsA repressor since it places the InsA termination codon out of phase (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the IS1 transposase, InsAB', the only IS1-encoded protein required for efficient transposition?

1994

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The transposase of the bacterial insertion sequence IS] is normally expressed by inefficient translational frameshifting between an upstream reading frame which itself specifies a transposition inhibitor, InsA, and a second consecutive reading frame located immediately downstream. A fused-frame mutant which carries an additional base pair inserted at the point of frameshifting was constructed. This mutant exhibits high transposition activity and should express the transposase, InsAB', constitutively without frameshifting.Unexpectedly, a second protein species was observed to be expressed from this mutant. We demonstrate here that this protein, InsA*, results from continued frameshifting on the modified frameshift motif. The protein retains the activities of the repressor InsA. Its elimination, by further modification of the frameshift motif, results in a further increase in various transposition activities of IS]. These results support the hypothesis that a single ISJ-encoded protein, InsAB', is necessary for transposition.

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Translational control of transposition activity of the bacterial insertion sequence IS1.

et al. 1991

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The experiments reported here provide strong evidence indicating that the transposition frequency of the bacterial insertion sequence IS1 is determined principally by two IS1‐specified proteins. The first, InsA, was previously shown to bind to the ends of the element and to act as a repressor. We present both physical and genetic evidence which reveals that the second, the InsAB' transposase, is a fusion of InsA with the product of a downstream reading frame, InsB'. Synthesis of this protein occurs by a ‐1 frameshift between the insA and insB' frames. It requires the presence of an intact retroviral‐like frameshift signal composed of an A6C motif and a downstream region able to form several alternative secondary structures. In vivo studies show that IS1 transposition activity depends on the relative rather than on the absolute levels of InsA and InsAB'. The ratio is determined primarily at the translational level by frameshifting and appears to be relatively insensitive to large variations in levels of transcription. This novel homeostatic control could therefore protect IS1 from activation as a consequence of insertion into active transcription units.

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Frameshifting is required for production of the transposase encoded by insertion sequence 1.

Cited by 122 publications

References 41 publications

Inhibition of transpositional recombination by OrfA and OrfB proteins encoded by insertion sequence IS3

Inhibition of transpositional recombination by OrfA and OrfB proteins encoded by insertion sequence IS3

Is the IS1 transposase, InsAB', the only IS1-encoded protein required for efficient transposition?

Translational control of transposition activity of the bacterial insertion sequence IS1.

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