Framework for cyber-physical systems: volume 1, overview

Griffor, Edward; Greer, Chris L.; Wollman, David A.; Burns, Martin

doi:10.6028/nist.sp.1500-201

Cited by 172 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Time is considered an integral element of CPS [19]. Synchronized clocks enable the continued advancement of distributed measurement, communications and control technologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A calibration of timing accuracy in the NIST cyber-physical systems testbed

Weiss¹,

Li-Baboud²,

Anand³

et al. 2018

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We propose a general methodology for assessing the time accuracy and uncertainties, and report results from a project to calibrate timing in the NIST Cyber-Physical System (CPS) and Smart Grid Testbeds. We measured clock synchronization accuracy and stability as well as latencies for potential experiments in the testbeds. We determined calibrations of GPS receivers to UTC(NIST) with an uncertainty of 16 ns. However, an anomaly occurred coincident with a power shutdown, which resulted in a total uncertainty of receiver calibrations against UTC(NIST) of 100 ns. Synchronization at testbed locations relative to an IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) grandmaster was found to have a max offset of 36 ns ± 6 ns one sigma from the grandmaster through two transparent clocks (TCs). Finally, we measured the time error relative to the grandmaster of an embedded device attached to a switch without PTP support with a mean offset of 50 µs ± 10 µs, and at 8 ms ± 500 µs for timestamping at the general-purpose input/output (GPIO). We report the methodology used, as well as some of the challenges encountered and solutions developed in the process.

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“…Time is considered an integral element of CPS [19]. Synchronized clocks enable the continued advancement of distributed measurement, communications and control technologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A calibration of timing accuracy in the NIST cyber-physical systems testbed

Weiss¹,

Li-Baboud²,

Anand³

et al. 2018

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“…• SP 1500-201 (https://www.nist.gov/publications/framework-cyber-physical-systems-volume-1-overview) [9] • SP 1500-202 (https://www.nist.gov/publications/framework-cyber-physical-systems-volume-2-working-group-reports) [10] • SP 1500-203 (https://www.nist.gov/publications/framework-cyber-physical-systems-volume-3-timing-annex) [18] The CPS Framework provides the taxonomy and methodology for designing, building, and assuring cyber-physical systems that meet the expectations and concerns of system stakeholders, including engineers, users, and the community that benefits from the system's functions. The Framework comprises a set of concerns about systems, three development facets and a notion of functional decomposition suited to CPS.…”

Section: Cps Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One may note that axioms (5)-(6) only address the lack of satisfaction of properties and concerns. The specification of the notion of satisfaction is completed by defaults statements saying that all properties and concerns are satisfied by default, by axiom (7), which embodies the semantics of the defaults statements, and by axioms (8)- (9), which link the observations about the initial state to auxiliary relation holds.…”

Section: Formalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIST hosted a Public Working Group on Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) with the aim of capturing input from those involved in CPS in order to define a reference framework supporting common definitions and facilitating interoperability between such systems. A key outcome of that work is the CPS Framework (Release 1.0) [9]. The framework proposes a means of supporting three Facets of a CPS life cycle: conceptualization, realization, and assurance of CPS through analytical lenses, called Aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ontology-based Reasoning about the Trustworthiness of Cyber-physical Systems

Balduccini

Griffor²,

Huth

et al. 2018

Living in the Internet of Things: Cybersecurity of the IoT - 2018

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It has been challenging for the technical and regulatory communities to formulate requirements for trustworthiness of the cyber-physical systems (CPS) due to the complexity of the issues associated with their design, deployment, and operations. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a public working group, has released a CPS Framework that adopts a broad and integrated view of CPS and positions trustworthiness among other aspects of CPS. This paper takes the model created by the CPS Framework and its further developments one step further, by applying ontological approaches and reasoning techniques in order to achieve greater understanding of CPS. The example analyzed in the paper demonstrates the enrichment of the original CPS model obtained through ontology and reasoning and its ability to deliver additional insights to the developers and operators of CPS.

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“…CPS defines the class of systems where some Physical reality is observed and controlled by a software controller, with the purpose of obtaining the requested behavior(s) towards the accomplishment of the given task(s) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A full Model-Based Design Environment for the Development of Cyber Physical Systems

Manione

2019

Designs

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This paper discusses a full model-based design approach in the applicative development of Cyber Physical Systems targeting the fast development of Logic controllers (i.e., the “Cyber” side of a CPS). The proposed modeling language provides a synthesis between various somehow conflicting constraints, such as being graphical, easily usable by designers, self-contained with no need for extra information, and to leads to efficient implementation, even in low-end embedded systems. Its main features include easiness to describe parallelism of actions, precise time handling, communication with other systems according to various interfaces and protocols. Taking advantage the modeling easiness deriving from the above features, the language encourages to model whole CPSs, that is their Logical and their Physical side, working together; such whole models are simulated in order to achieve insight about their interaction and spot possible flaws in the controller; once validated, the very same model, without the Physical side, is compiled and into the logic controller, ready to be flashed on the controller board and to interact with the physical side. The discussed language has been implemented into a real model-based development environment, TaskScript, in use since a few years in the development of production grade systems. Results about its effectiveness in terms of model expressivity and design effort are presented; such results show the effectiveness of the approach: real case production grade systems have been developed and tested in a few days.

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Framework for cyber-physical systems: volume 1, overview

Cited by 172 publications

References 1 publication

A calibration of timing accuracy in the NIST cyber-physical systems testbed

A calibration of timing accuracy in the NIST cyber-physical systems testbed

Ontology-based Reasoning about the Trustworthiness of Cyber-physical Systems

A full Model-Based Design Environment for the Development of Cyber Physical Systems

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