Framing and praising Allah on YouTube: Exploring user-created videos about Islam and the motivations for producing them

Abstract

Islam is a hotly debated topic on YouTube, comprising approximately a half-million videos, tagged with this word. The study presents empirical material regarding three aspects of Islam's representation: (a) how Islam is framed in user-created videos; (b) how it is visualized; and (c) what are the motivations of the YouTubers who create these videos. The theoretical framework of the study is based on two pillars. The concept of valence framing was employed to identify positive/negative patterns of representation. The motivations to videoblog about Islam were examined from the perspective of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. Data comprised a content analysis of 120 videos and 15 in-depth interviews with content producers. Despite a number of extremely attacking videos about Islam, the overall tone of the coverage appeared to be balanced. However, images and ideas that are inappropriate for broadcasting on mainstream media repeatedly appear on this website.

Qualitative and Mixed Methods Social Media Research

“…Content analysis, regardless of whether it is qualitative or quantitative, has been described as requiring development of a codebook, which is used to guide coding of content (Krippendorf, 2013; Schreier, 2012). Use of a codebook with predefined categories can be found in a content analysis study of user-created videos about Islam on YouTube (Mosemghvdlishvili & Jansz, 2012). However, there are times when social media researchers have conducted content analysis studies inductively or thematically instead of using a codebook.…”

“…The content analysis involved coding on both quantitative and qualitative variables including video characteristics, producer demographics, valence framing (i.e., very positive to very negative), thematic variables such as topic or country, and a qualitative category to explore the topic of Islam on YouTube in greater depth. The content analysis was followed by interviews with some of the people who created the videos to learn more about their motivations for creating and sharing their videos on YouTube (Mosemghvdlishvili & Jansz, 2012). Another study, based entirely on Twitter content, began with a large-scale analysis of tweets (Twitter posts) using specific tags related to Hugo Chávez.…”

Efektivitas Dakwah melalui Instagram

“…Penggunaan Instagram sebagai media dakwah sendiri masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian terdahulu mengenai dakwah di media sosial lebih berfokus pada Youtube (Arifin, 2019;Fatoni & Librianti, 2018;Hakim, 2019;Mosemghvdlishvili & Jansz, 2013;Suharto & Mutmainna, 2018), atau Facebook (Choliq, 2015;Latifah, 2019;Syarifudin, 2015). Masih sedikit penelitian mengenai dakwah melalui Twitter (Suharto, 2017) dan Instagram (Sari & Lubis, 2017).…”

“…Masih sedikit penelitian mengenai dakwah melalui Twitter (Suharto, 2017) dan Instagram (Sari & Lubis, 2017). Studi terdahulu tersebut berfokus kepada analisis konten dakwah pada akun media sosial (Arifin, 2019;Choliq, 2015;Hakim, 2019;Latifah, 2019;Mosemghvdlishvili & Jansz, 2013;Suharto, 2017;Suharto & Mutmainna, 2018), motivasi produser konten dakwah (Mosemghvdlishvili & Jansz, 2013), motivasi audience ketika mengakses konten dakwah di media sosial (Fatoni & Librianti, 2018;Sari & Lubis, 2017), dan tingkat penerimaan media sosial sebagai medium dakwah (Omar, 2015). Sementara itu, penelitian tentang kanal Pemuda Hijrah sudah dilakukan sebelumnya (Arifin, 2019)…”

The Battle of Framing on You Tube : Exploring How Citizen Journalists Covered the Dispersal of Muslim Brotherhood Sit-Ins in Egypt = معركة التأطير على اليوتيوب : تغطية صحافة المواطن لفض اعتصام الإخوان المسلمين في مصر

“…A video clip, for example, which focuses on positive or negative consequences of a sit-in dispersal has a specific directional bias by inherently evaluating the dispersal as a 'good' or 'bad' thing. Many studies have explored frame valence in different contexts (Jha, 2007;Kaid et al, 2004;Mosemghvdlishvili and Jansz , 2013;Schuck and De Vreese , 2009 ). A large and growing body of literature has made it clear that negativity is more attention-getting than is positivity.…”