Framing Effects in Narrative and Non‐Narrative Risk Messages

Steinhardt, Joseph; Shapiro, Michael A.

doi:10.1111/risa.12368

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…However, this does not mean that the risk-comparison information itself is invalid for raising people’s understanding of the level of risk. Similar to the finding that narrative messages affect respondents’ decisions [52], a context that has the intention of persuasion rather than providing risk-comparison information probably causes public distrust. Use of cancer risk from radiation assumes absence of “zero risk.” Providers may think that this attitude is unacceptable; however, we highlight the fact that avoiding the use of information on “cancer risk from radiation and smoking risk” can lead the public to perceive that the risk is greater than the actual level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Evaluation of Risk Perception and Risk-Comparison Information Regarding Dietary Radionuclides after the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident

2016

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In the wake of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, to facilitate evidence-based risk communication we need to understand radiation risk perception and the effectiveness of risk-comparison information. We measured and characterized perceptions of dread risks and unknown risks regarding dietary radionuclides in residents of Fukushima, Tokyo, and Osaka to identify the primary factors among location, evacuation experience, gender, age, employment status, absence/presence of spouse, children and grandchildren, educational background, humanities/science courses, smoking habits, and various types of trustworthy information sources. We then evaluated the effects of these factors and risk-comparison information on multiple outcomes, including subjective and objective understanding, perceived magnitude of risk, perceived accuracy of information, backlash against information, and risk acceptance. We also assessed how risk-comparison information affected these multiple outcomes for people with high risk perception. Online questionnaires were completed by people (n = 9249) aged from 20 to 69 years in the three prefectures approximately 5 years after the accident. We gave each participant one of 15 combinations of numerical risk data and risk-comparison information, including information on standards, smoking-associated risk, and cancer risk, in accordance with Covello’s guidelines. Dread-risk perception among Fukushima residents with no experience of evacuation was much lower than that in Osaka residents, whereas evacuees had strikingly higher dread-risk perception, irrespective of whether their evacuation had been compulsory or voluntary. We identified location (distance from the nuclear power station), evacuation experience, and trust of central government as primary factors. Location (including evacuation experience) and trust of central government were significantly associated with the multiple outcomes above. Only information on “cancer risk from radiation and smoking risk” enhanced both subjective and objective understanding without diminishing trust in all participants and in the high dread-risk perception group; use of other risk-comparison information could lead the public to overestimate risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Evaluation of Risk Perception and Risk-Comparison Information Regarding Dietary Radionuclides after the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident

2016

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“…In a study (Gray & Harrington, 2011), a narrative featuring a story character who exercised regularly and successfully got in shape (gain-framed) was more persuasive than a story with a character who did not exercise regularly and failed to get in shape (loss-framed). In another study, however, the predicted framing effect was not found when the information was presented as a narrative, suggesting that the traditional effects of gain-loss framing might not always apply in a narrative setting (Steinhardt & Shapiro, 2015). In light of the SCM, the utility of gain-loss framed narratives in improving quit intentions may change in accordance with smokers' current stages of change to quit smoking.…”

Section: Narrative Strategies To Promote Quit Intentions By Stages Of Changementioning

confidence: 90%

Conditional Effects of Gain–Loss-Framed Narratives among Current Smokers at Different Stages of Change

Kim

Lee

2017

Journal of Health Communication

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This study examines how current smokers respond differently to gain-loss-framed antismoking narratives depending on their stages of change to quit smoking. An experiment (N = 461) was conducted with a 2 (narrative perspective: first person vs. third person) × 2 (framing: gain vs. loss) factorial design having smoker's stage of change (precontemplation vs. contemplation/preparation) as a moderator. We observed differential framing effects depending on smoker's current stages of change only when they were exposed to first-person narratives. For precontemplators, a loss-framed (vs. a gain-framed) first-person narrative induced greater quit intentions and stage progression. Conversely, among contemplators and preparers, a gain-framed (vs. a loss-framed) first-person narrative led to greater quit intentions and stage progression. These interactive patterns were partly mediated by self-referencing and perceived similarity. This study proposes an alternative mechanism to explain the conditional framing effect by stages of change and highlights the importance of tailoring messages to smoker's psychosocial characteristics and needs.

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“…However, a significant proportion of the general public has low graphic literacy. Narrative information is often more powerful than statistical information [ 39 – 41 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Web-based interactive technology to promote HPV vaccine uptake among young females: a randomized controlled trial

Wang

Zhang

2021

BMC Women's Health

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Background Currently no study has investigated whether Web-based interactive technology can influence females to adopt healthy behaviors. We investigated how and under what conditions do Web-based interactivity influence vaccination intentions among young females. Methods In this randomized controlled trail, we conduct a 2 (mode of information presentation: narrative vs. data visualization) × 2 (interactivity: interactive information vs. noninteractive information) between-groups design. A total of 180 Chinese female undergraduate students who had never received HPV vaccination were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups. Each participant was assessed for their information avoidance behavior and vaccination intention. The hypotheses were tested using a moderated mediation model. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0 with probability set at 0.05 alpha level. Results The indirect relationship between interactivity and behavioral intention though information avoidance was moderated by the mode of presentation. Under the narrative condition, interactivity (vs. non-interactivity) decreased information avoidance and increased the intention to receive HPV vaccination (B = -.23, SE = 0.10, P < 0.05). However, under data visualization condition, no significant difference was observed between the effects of interactivity and non-interactivity on intention. Conclusion The findings suggest that when young females experience difficulties in manipulating or understanding HPV-related information, their information-avoidance behavior is likely to increase. Rather than use interactive statistical or graphical information, young females are more likely to be persuaded by interactive narratives.

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Framing Effects in Narrative and Non‐Narrative Risk Messages

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of Risk Perception and Risk-Comparison Information Regarding Dietary Radionuclides after the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Evaluation of Risk Perception and Risk-Comparison Information Regarding Dietary Radionuclides after the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Conditional Effects of Gain–Loss-Framed Narratives among Current Smokers at Different Stages of Change

The use of Web-based interactive technology to promote HPV vaccine uptake among young females: a randomized controlled trial

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